Pioneers in

Education

Part 2

Today we will
proceed with
meow

John
Dewe
y

Maria
Montess
ori

Jean
Piaget.
.
Meoww
w..

John Dewey
Education as an
instrument of
social progress.
Children as socially
active beings and
eager to explore.
Use intelligence to
solve difficulty.

Deweys Application Of
Scientific Method
Learner is involve in genuine
experience.
Has a genuine problem.
Acquires information to solve the
problem.
Draw tentative solutions that may
solve the problem.
Test the solution construct their
knowledge

Knowledge is
not an inert info
but an
instrument to
solve problem.

Education.. is that
reconstruction and
reorganization of
experience and
increase ability to
direct the course
of subsequent
experience

 Three level of curriculum:

i. Making and doing
ii. Enlarge students concept of space
and time
iii. science

Influence on educational practices

today:
i. Apply scientific method
ii. Open schooling to all
iii. Education should be based
on students interest and
needs

Maria Montessori

Purpose of
education: to
assist childrens
sensory, muscular
and intellectual
development in a
prepared
environment.
Curriculum: motor
and sensory skills,
preplanned
materials

 Methods of instruction :
spontaneous learning; activity;
practical; sensory; formal skills and
exercises.
Role of teacher : facilitator or
director of learning ; directress.

Influence on todays
education

i. Early childhood
schooling
ii. Formative
experience
influence on later
life
iii. Children have
inner need
without being
motivated

JEAN PIAGET
Cognition unfolds in a
sequence of four
stages.
Each is age-related
and distinctive
Each stage is
discontinuous from
and more advanced
than the previous

Piagets Four Stages

Piagets Sensorimotor
Stage
Coordination of sensory
experiences with motor
actions
Object permanence involves the
realization that objects continue to
exist over time

Piagets Preoperational Stage

Symbolic Function Substage

Symbolic Thought: ability to represent

mentally an object that is not present.

Limitations:
Egocentrism: The inability to distinguish
between ones own perspective and someone
elses perspective.

Animism: The belief that inanimate objects have

lifelike qualities and are capable of action.

The Three Mountain Tasks

Piagets Preoperational Stage

Intuitive Thought Substage

Intuitive Thought rather than logical

thinking

Centration: focuses on one characteristic to

the exclusion of others

Lack of Conservation
Classification: ability to classify objects according
to only one characteristic at a time

Conservation of Liquid

Piagets Concrete Operational

Stage
Logical reasoning replaces intuitive
reasoning, but only in concrete
situations.
Conservation: The idea that some

Classification:

Seriation:
Transitivity:

characteristics of an object
stay the same even though the
object might change in
appearance.
Coordinate several
characteristics rather than
focus on a single property of
an object.
Order stimuli along some
quantitative dimension.
Combine relations to
understand certain
conclusions.

Hierarchical Classification
When shown a
family tree of four
generations, the
concrete
operational
child can classify
the members
vertically,
horizontally,
and obliquely.

Piagets Formal Operational Stage

Abstract reasoning: think in abstract,
idealistic, and logical ways

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning:
ability to develop hypotheses about ways to
solve problems and systematically reach a
conclusion

Adolescent egocentrism: heightened

self-consciousness and a sense of personal
uniqueness

Piagets Theory
Teaching Strategies
Preoperational
Thinkers

Manipulate groups of objects

Reduce egocentrism
Draw conclusions and explain
why

Concrete
Operations

Encourage children to discover

concepts and principles
Assign operational tasks

Formal
Operations

Propose problems and

encourage hypothesis formation
Suggest alternative approaches
to problems
Develop projects and
investigations

Enter the Debate

Should teachers allow preschool,
kindergarten, and first-grade students
to play for the bulk of their day?
YE
S

NO

Thank You