A scientific process

that
validates and refines
existing knowledge and
generates new
knowledge
that directly and
indirectly influences
nursing practice

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Traditions
Authority
Borrowing
Trial and Error
Intuition
Personal
experience
7. Role-Modeling
8. Reasoning
9. Research

Philosophy

Abstract

Knowledge
Science

Abstract
Thought Processes
Reality Testing
(Research)
Empirical world
Nursing Practice)

Concrete

theory

N
P

R
P

Write the reason the fenomenon

of study to answer why the
fenomenon is important to be
studied
How the study will be conduct to
answer the research question
findout the solution
Deductive to inductive: If posible,
the data from International,
nasional, Province, municipality,

FORMULATION OF
RESEARCH PROBLEM,
RESEARCH QUESTION,
PURPOSE & OBJECTIVES

A situation in need of
solution, improvement,
or alteration; or a
discrepancy between the
way things are and the
way the ought to be

Research topic: Supporting family carers in

caring for older people at home
Research problem:
Based on the findings of this researchers
previous study, 83.3% of family carers of
older people had interest in learning about
the appropriate care for older people at
home, and 73% of the family carers refused
to send their older relatives to

Nursing practice
Researcher and peer
interaction
Literature review
Theory
Research
priorities/research tree

Institutional care, except they had serious

health problems. While, some families are
expected to provide care for their older
relatives, only small number (35.4%) of
family have the capacity to care for older
people at home (Sahar, et.al., 1998).
Caring for older people at home often
becomes overwelming or a burden for
some families (Clark & Standard, 1996;
Kao, et.al., 1999), and they need
additional support..........
RQ: Is there a different the family carers
capabilities in caring for older people
following the family carers training
program?

A purpose is a oncise clear statement of

the specifiv goal or aim the study.
The purpose includes:
the variables,
population, and
setting for a study

Declarative statements
which focus on the
identification of variables
or concepts and sometimes
on determination of
relationships among
Variables.

The Purpose of reserach study is:

To improve the capabilities (knowledge, skills and
attutudes) of family caring for older people at
home/community in x villages following a family
carers training program.
The objectives of reserach study are identified:
1. Characteristics of family carers
2. Family carers capabilities in caring for older peole at
home.....
3. Difference the family carers knowledge following
family carers training program
4. Difference the family carers skills following family
carers training program
5. Difference the family carers attitudes following
family carers training program

Research questions are

interrogative statements
that focus on what variables
or concepts are to be
described and what
relationships mights exist
among them.

1.

2.

3.

Is there a difference in the family carers

knowledge in caring for older people at
home following a family carerstraining
program
Is there a difference in the family carers
skills in caring for older people at home
following a family carerstraining program
Is there a difference in the family carers
attitudes in caring for older people at home
following a family carerstraining program

TOPIC
Chapter I
1. Background
2. Formulation problem
Research question to quide the
Purpose of research study
3. Purpose and objecives of study
4. Benefit of research study: Health
Service and Education Institution.