Aircraft Structure

Cadet Ibnu Syahputra

NIT BI/I.14.10.317

Flight Deck Windscreen

The design and constructuin of
Construction

windscreen
internal cabin
one
aircraft

that are sucjected o

pressures,
vary
from
manufacturer to another.
A window usually constructed of layers of
glass and vinyl
These layer are all bonded together to
make a complete one piece windscreen.
During flight the windscreens are heated
continuously.
This prevents ice forming and makes the
window more resilient and able to withsand
birdstrikes.

A typical windscreen weighs approximately 70

kg and consist of transparent glass and Poly

Vinyl Butyral (PVB).
Windscreen usually fit into a housing in the
structure and are held in place by retaining
strips and bolts.
A rubber seal is provided to mate with the
window frame to ensure an effective pressure
and moisture tight seal.

Passenger Cabin Windows

The passenger cabin window is designed

differently from its cockpit counterpart.

The passenger cabin windows are designed
to be fail safe and normally have two panes
of acrylic plastic.
The windows are designed as plug type
windows.
To
prevent condensation, the space
between the panes may be connected by a
pipe to a silica gel cartridge which is vented
to the cabin
Air entering and leaving the space between
the panes is dried, preventing condesation.

Passenger Window Assembly

Pressurised Cabin Sealing

Sealing
All riveted joints on British aircraft were

wet assembled with a Chromate jointing

compound.
American Manufacturere have tended to
use two part rubberised sealant on
faying surfaces in pressurised areas and
dry assembly in unpressurised joints.
The current practice is to coat all faying
surface with a polysulfide sealant.

Bonding
Bonded metal structures are less prone

to corrosion that riveted ones as the

coatings on the structural elements are
not penetrated.
Electrical cables passing through a
pressure bulkhead are either sealed by
specially designed cable connectors ar
they pass through a nylon collar which
is filled with sealant under pressure.
Cabin doors and emergency exits are
normally sealed by inflatable rubber
seals
The simplest deriving the inflation air

Polysulphide Sealing
Compounds
Pressurised aircraft structures and integral

fuel tanks are carefully sealed during

manufacture.
During maintenance and repair operations
it is necessary to maintain good sealing.
During the repair of damaged sealing, old
sealant must be completely removed or the
edges feathered in the affected area to
produce a solid residual material.
Two main groups of sealant :
One part sealant
Two part sealant

The manufacturer are supply sealant

material for use on integral fuel tanks and
pressurised cabin, includes :
Farying surface sealant
Brushing and filleting sealant
Low adhesion sealant for access doors.

Equipment
Cloth
Stiff bristle brush
Sealat gun
Polythene cartridges
Sealant gun nozzle
Non-metalic cutting material

Cleaning Procedures
Ensure no dirt, grease or metal chips
Metal cleaning using cloth with Methyl Ethyl

Ketone. Never pour the solvent into the

metal
The surface must dried before the solvent
has evaporated.
Apply primer after all operation complete.
Always clean area wider than required.
Dont touch the cleaned area

Mixing Two Part Sealant

The

two part sealant consists of base

compound and accelerator in seperate
containers.
When mixing, the accelerator is strirred in
its container until an even consistency is
obtained. The accelerator is then stirred
into base compound and toroughly mixed
until an even colour is obtained. Once
mixed, the compound has a limited
application life.

Appliction of Sealant
Once mixed, the sealing compound must be use within

its application life. Sealing compounds must be

completely cured before any pressure testing is carried
out.
Faying Surface Sealant
The sealant may be applied by brushing ir by extrusion
gun, depending on the type. The sealant should be spread
evenly to approximately 1/32 in. Stroke carefully to avoid
bubbles. Excessive amounts of sealing compounds shoud
not be used.
The work should be finished before the assembly life.
Small continuous bead of sealant should be squeezed out
on both side.

 Injection Sealing
Injection sealing may be applied to provide

continuity of sealing when fillet seals are

interrupted by holes, joggles or structure.
When sealing a slot, the sealant should be
applied so as to fill and have a continuous
contact with bottom and sides of the slot.
Fillet Sealing
Fillet seals should be pointed into the seam
held prependicular. A bead of sealant forced
ahead of the nozzle tip.
Window Sealing
Only specified types of compound may be
used. Unauthorized materials may cause
crazing of acrylic plastic. The fasteners
should be also sealed.

Electrical Sealing

Wire bundles trough the bulkhead should

be sealed. Masking tape is wrapped around

the wire bundle and attached to the
pressure side of the bulkhead. Specified
sealant is then injected into the injetion
hole in the fitting.

Cleaning of Equioment

On

completion of the work all the

equipment used should be cleaned before
the sealant cures using MEK, or spcified
solvent.

Safety Precautions
Always in a well ventilated area
Avoid breathing solvent fumes
No smoking or naked lights must be allowed in

the area
Always wash the hands before eating or
smoking
Avoid prolonged contact with the skin, contact
with open beaks in the skin and ingestion
Wear protective clothing as required
Always follow the manufacturer instruction
when mixing compounds

Passenger Seat Attachments

The passenger seat arrangement depend

upon the type of aircraft.

Operators can vary the cabin layout as
required.
Passenger seats are attached to the floor
beam mounted seat tracks by quick
release.
Galley and toilet compartment also secured
to the seat tracks. A seat track is a
continuous extrusion with circular cut-outs.

Flight Crew Seat Attachments :

Captains and FO

These seats are usually mounted on tracks

wich allow fore and aft movement

manually. They also travel outboard during
the last four inches of travel.
They may bemounted on pedestal that
allows the seat to be rotated.
Armrest should be adjusted and may be
folded to provide entry and exit of
occupant.
The captains and FOs seat are in opposite
of moveable armrest.

Flight Engineer Seat

The fore and aft travel are controlled

electrically with manual backup

The lateral, vertical and recline adjustment
are controlled manually
The lateral and swivel control handles are
on the right hand side of the seat
The seat may be swivelled and may be
locked at 30,60,or 90 degree position
Each armrest may be adjusted and the left
armrest may be folded and stowed

Flight Attendants Seat

The two types are :

Wall mounted
Track mounted

Track

Mounted Flight Attendants

Seat
The

flight attendants seat are more

functional than comfortable.
The plunger attachments are a little
different from those for the passenger
seat arrangement as they are not moved
so often.
Wall Mounted Attendant Seat

These seats are mounted to the structure

in much the same way as other

furnishings and fitings.
The seat frame is fixed to seat anchoring
stanchions by bolts or screws.