Space Missions of Some Asian Countries

Presented by:Sharang Dev Sharma

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What is a Space Mission???

A journey by a manned or unmanned
vehicle into space for a specific
reason.

Discovery and exploration of celestial

structures in outer space by means
of ever evolving space technology.

Early era of space race between the

Soviets and USA.

INITIAL DRIVERS
National Prestige
Military Applications
CURRENT DRIVERS
Satellite Communication
Remote Sensing, Weather Forecast, Data collection and Analysis, etc.
FUTURE DRIVERS
Establishment of Space Colonies
Inter Planetary Travel.
Increase the understanding of evolution of the Universe.

Asian Space Powers

1.CHINA
China National Space
Administration(CNSA)
2.INDIA
Indian Space Research
Organization(ISRO)
3.JAPAN
Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency(JAXA)

OTHER MINOR PLAYERS :Iran

Israel
Pakistan
Bangladesh
South Korea

Chinese Lunar Exploration Program

It is also known as Change program.
It is series of robotic moon mission by CNSA.
It incorporates lunar orbiters, landers and rovers,
launched using Long March Rockets.

Has two phases

First phase - Change 1 and Change 2( Orbital
Mission)
Second Phase - Change 3(Soft Landers , Rovers)

Change 1
Launched on 24 October, 2007 from
Xichang Satellite Launch Center.

Mission Duration : operated for 1 year ,

4 months and 4 days.

Launch Mass : 2,350 kgs

Objectives and Achievements

Obtaining 3-d images of the landforms and geological
structures of the lunar surface.
Analysing and mapping the abundance and distribution of
various elements on the lunar surface.
Probing the features of lunar soils, as well as amount of
Helium-3.
Recording the data on solar wind

Created the most accurate and highest resolution 3d map

of lunar surface.
Conducted worlds first passive, multi-channel remote

Change 2
It was a follow up of change 1and was
Launched on October 1, 2010.

Design was similar to change 1, but

had some technical improvements.

Launch Mass : 2,480 kgs.

Purpose
To conduct research from 100- km- high lunar orbit in
preparation of December 2013 soft landing by the change 3
lander.

To test the chinese tracking and control network.

As of 2016, it has reached a distance of 200 million kms from

earth, it is being used to verify chinas deep- space tracking
and control capabilities.

Change 3
Incorporates a robotic lander and chinas
first lunar rover.
It is a follow- up to the chhange 1 and
change 2 and was launched on
december 1, 2013.
Launching Mass : 3,800 kgs.
It became the first spacecraft to soft-land
on the Moon since the soviet Unions
Luna 24 in 1976.

Objectives and Achievements

To achieve chinas first soft landing and roving
exploration.
To demonstrate and develop key technologies for
future mission.
To conduct geological and lunar surface
topography survey.
Lunar based astronomical observation.
Achieved all the objectives and performed the
first direct measurement of the lunar soil to the
depth of 30 m(98 feets).

Indian Lunar Exploration

Mission
It is also known as the chandrayan program.
It is a series of robotic moon mission
administrated by ISRO.
It incorporates lunar orbiters, landers and
rovers and was launched using PSLV.

Currently two phases

Chandrayan-1
Chandrayan- 2

Chandrayan 1
Indias first lunar probe
Launched by ISRO on October, 2008
and operated till August, 2009.
Launched through PSLV-XL rocket
from Satish Dhawan Space Centre,
Sriharikota.
Mission included a lunar orbiter and
impactor.
Launch Mass :- 1,380 kg.

Objectives
To design, develop, launch and orbit a spacecraft around the moon
using a indian made launch vehicle.
To conduct scientific experiments for preparing 3d atlas of both near
and far side of the moon.
To conduct the chemical and mineralogical mapping of the entire
lunar surface.
To test the impact of sub-satellite on the moon as a fore runner for
implementing the soft landing in future missions.
To detect water- ice on the moon.

Achievements
It provide evidence of
presence of lunar water
and confirmed the magma
ocean hypothesis that Moon
was once completely
molten.
It provided high resolution
spectral data on mineralogy
of the moon.
It recorded images of landing
site of U.S. spacecraft
Apollo 15.

Timeline of Mission
Chandrayaan-1 was launched on 22 October 2008 at 6.22 am IST from
Satish Dhawan Space Centre using the ISRO's 44.4 metre tall four-stage
PSLV launch rocket.
It was sent to the Moon in a series of orbit-increasing manoeuvres around
the Earth over a period of 21 days as opposed to launching the craft on
a direct trajectory to the Moon. At launch the spacecraft was inserted
into Geostationary Transfer Orbit with an apogee of 22,860 km and a
perigee of 255 km. The apogee was increased with a series of five orbit
burns conducted over a period of 13 days after launch.
It was expected to operate for 2 years. However, on 29 August 2009
communication with the spacecraft was lost.

Japans Venus Space Mission

It was conducted with the help of japanese
space probe known as Akatsuki which in
English means Dawn.
It is also known as Venus Climate Orbiter (VCO)
or Planet - c.
It was launched through an H-11A 202 Rocket on
20 May, 2010 under the administration of
JAXA(Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency).
Launch Mass was about 517.6 kg.
Total budget of the mission was about US$290
Million.

Orbital Insertion Failure and Recovery

Akatsuki failed to enter orbit around Venus
on 6 December, 2010.

After the craft orbited the sun for five years,

engineers placed it into an alternative
elliptical Venusian orbit on 7 December,
2015 by firing its attitude Control thrusters
for 20 minutes.

Objectives
To study stratification of atmosphere of Venus.
To study the cloud physics i.e. to detect the presence of lightning
To study the atmospheric dynamics.
To spot the active volcanoes, if they exist.

Current status
A follow-up thruster burn on 26 March ,2016 shortened its orbital period
from 13 to 9 days. The orbiter started its 2-year period of "regular"
science operations in mid-May 2016.

Some other Countries...

IRAN
Its space mission are administrated by Iranian
Space Agency.
Iran has developed its own satellite launch
vehicle, named the Safir SLV, based on the
Shahab series of IRBMs. On 2 February 2009,
Iranian state television reported that Iran's
first domestically made satellite Omid had
been successfully launched into LEO by a
version of Iran's Safir rocket, the Safir-2. The
launch coincided with the 30th anniversary
of the Iranian Revolution. Iran is also
developing a new launch vehicle
Simorgh(Rocket).

Israel
Its space are administered by ISA.
Israel became the tenth country in the world to build
its own satellite and launch it with its own launcher
on 19 September 1988.
Israel launched its first satellite, Ofeq-1, using an
Israeli-built Shavit three-stage launch vehicle

Bangladesh
Bangladesh Space Research Remote sensing
organisation is concerned with astronomical
research and application of research technology
in Bangladesh.

It is one of the first Asian countries to operate

their own communication satellite purchased
abroad, and is set to join Asian space powers
with launch of highly capable Bangabandhu-1
satellite.

Comparison by key Technology

First Independent Launches(Year/ Satellite)
Japan -1970/Osumi
China -1970/ Dong Fang Hong 1
India -1980/ Rohini D1
Israel - 1988/ Ofeq 1
Iran- 2009/ Omid

First orbiters to Moon

Japan - 1990 - Hiten
China - 2007 - change 1
India - 2008 - Chandrayan 1
First Orbiters to Mars
Japan- 1998 - Nozomi(Failed)
China - 2011 - Yinghuo 1(Failed), Yinghuo 2(Planned in
2020)
India - 2013 - Mangalyaan
First orbiter to Venus
Japan - 2010 - Akatuski

Conclusion
Solar System exploration and manned spaceflights are major space
technologies in the public eye. Since Sakigake, the first
interplanetary probe in Asia, was launched in 1985, Japan has
completed the most planetary exploration, but other nations are
catching up.

Moon race
The Moon is thought to be rich in Helium-3, which could one day be
used in nuclear fusion power plants to fuel future energy demands
in Asia. All three main Asian space powers plan to send men to the
Moon in the distant future and have already sent lunar probes.