Name

Designation
Branch
Subject
Topic
Sub Topic

: KK REDDY.
: Senior Lecturer
: Mechanical Engg.
: Engineering Mechanics.
: Statics
: System of units and Forces

Recap
We have learnt in previous lesson:
Meaning of the word Mechanics.
Application of Mechanics.
System of units used.

Objectives
On completion this period, you would be able to know
about:
Fundamental and derived units.
System of forces.

System of units
The following system of units are commonly used
F.P.S system

foot-pound-second

C.G.S system centimeter-gram-second

M.K.S system
S.I

meter-kilogram-second
standard international system.

S.I Units.
In 1960 the eleventh general conference of weights and measures adopted this
system.

Most of the countries are adopting this system.

It has three classes as

a.

Base units

b.

Supplementary units

c.

Derived units

a. Base units
Length

meter

Mass

Kilogram

Kg

Time

Second

Current

Ampere

Temperature

Kelvin

Luminus intensity

Candela

cd

Quantity of substance

mole

mole
6

b. Supplementary units
Plane angle

radian

rad

Solid angle

steradian

sr

c. Derived units
1.Area,

(metre)

2.Volume,

(metre)

3.Density,

kilogram/metre

kg/m

4.Velocity,

metre / second

m/s

5. Force

Newton

6. Power

watt

FORCE
Force is defined as an agency which changes or tends
to change the state of a body to rest or to uniform
motion.

Every force will have definite direction, magnitude, point

of application and nature.

Specifications of force
1.Magnitude: It is expressed by the unit

newton.

2.Direction: It is line of action of force.

3.Point of application: It is the point on the

body at which

the force acts.

4.Nature or Sense of force:It is indicated by the way it acts
along the line of action ie; tensile or compressive.

10

Specifications of force

Fig - 1
11

System of forces
When several forces acts simultaneously upon a body
they are said to be System of forces.
The system of forces are classified as :
1. Coplanar system.
2. Non coplanar system.

12

Coplanar system
If the line of action of all the forces of the system lie on
the same plane thy are said to be coplanar system of
forces.

Concurrent forces

Parallel forces

Non concurrent
forces

Collinear forces

Fig - 2
13

Non Coplanar system

If the line of action of all the forces of the system does
not lie on the same plane thy are said to be Non
coplanar system of forces.

14

Non Coplanar system

Concurrent forces

Parallel forces

Concurrent forces

Non concurrent forces

Collinear forces

Non coplanar system Fig - 3

15

System of forces (contd.)

Depending on the lines of action of the forces the system of
forces are further classified as :
1.Concurrent forces : Lines of action of forces intersect at
one point.

Fig - 4

Concurrent forces

Concurrent forces
16

System of forces (contd.)

2. Parallel forces : Lines of action of forces are parallel.

Parallel forces Fig-5

17

System of forces (contd.)

3. Collinear forces : Lines of action of forces contained by a
single straight line

Collinear forces Fig 6

18

System of forces (contd.)

4. Non concurrent & Non parallel : Lines of action of forces
are neither parallel nor intersect at a point.

Non current forces Fig - 7

19

Composition of forces
The replacement of two or more forces by a single
force having the same effect is called Composition
of forces. This single force is known as Resultant.

20

Resolution of forces
A single force is replaced by two or more forces having
the same effect is called Resolution of forces. The
resolved parts of force are known as components.

21

Resolution of force into Rectangular

components
A force F can be replaced by two components as Fx and Fy
Fx= F cos .
Fy= F sin .

Fy

Fig - 8

Fx

Fx
Where is the angle made by the force F with x-axis.
The components Fx and Fy are considered as +ve if they
act towards rightward or upward, and ve if directed
oppositely.

Fig - 9

Fy

Fx
22

Resolution Of Forces Into Oblique

Components
The components which are not mutually perpendicular to
each other are called oblique components.
Consider the following figure in which a force to be
resolved into OA and OB directions.
The components P and Q may be calculated by using
sine rule.
F
Sin[180(+)]

Q
P
=
Sin
Sin
B

[180P

(+)]

o
Fig - 10
23

Problems
1. Determine the horizontal & vertical components of a
force of 150N acting on a body at an angle of 200 with
horizontal.

24

Problems (contd.)
Solution :
FV

F
150N

200

Fig - 11

FH

Horizontal component : FH = F cos 200

=150 x cos 200 = 141N
Vertical component : FV = F sin 200
= 150 sin 200 = 51.3N
25

Problems
2. Determine the component of a given force F= 111N in
the direction OA and OB as in fig below:
B
F
Q

N
111

510
0

690
P
Fig - 12

A
26

Problems (contd.)
Solution :

F
P
Q

0
sin[180 (51 69) sin 51 sin 690

sin 510
99.6 N
Component along OA, P = F
0
sin 60

sin 690
119.66 N
Component along OB, Q = F
0
sin 60

27

Summary
In this period you have learnt about :

System of units
FPS,

CGS,

MKS, SI

System of force
1. Force definition
2. Specification of force
3. System of force classification

28

Quiz
1.

In FPS system P stands for _____________

( Ans : pound )
2. The agency that tends to change the position of rest or
of uniform motion of a body is called__________
( Ans: Force )
3. In coplanar system, all the lines of action of forces of the
system lie on the _________ plane.
( Ans: same )
4. A single force that repress two or more forces is known
as __________
( Ans: resultant )
29

Quiz
5. The method of replacing a single force by two or more
forces is called ____________ of force.
( Ans : resolution )
6. If the lines of action of forces intersect at one point, such
forces are known as _________ forces.
( Ans : concurrent )

30

Frequently Asked Questions

1.

What are the fundamental units?

2.

Define derived units.

3.

What are the specifications of force?

4.

What is the classification of system of forces?

5.

Define composition of forces.

6.

Define resolution of forces.

31

Thank you

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