MEASURES OF SKEWNESS AND

INTERPRETATION

Discussants:
MAY GRACE D. SALAZAR
JAYPEE JOVEN
_______

Overview
1. What is meant by Skewness?
2. What are the different types

of Skewness Distributions?
3. Skewness Distributions in
graphical representation?
4. Calculation of Skewness
Coefficient in different (two
types) methods

Measures of Skewness
The

statistical technique to
indicate the direction and
extent of skewness in the
distribution of numerical values
in the data set.
It refers to the
degree of
symmetry of a frequency
distribution.
A frequency distribution of the

Skewed distributions
There are three types:
Symmetrical distribution
Mean = Median = Mode
Positively skewed distribution
(skewed-to-the-right)
Mean > Median > Mode
Negatively skewed
distribution (skewed-to-theleft)
Mean < Median < Mode

Skewed distribution
Curves

In

a
positively-skewed
distribution, the calculation of the
mean and the standard deviation is
influenced by the one or more very
high values thus, overstating the
central tendency and variability.
In
a
negatively-skewed
distribution, they are influenced
by the one or more very low values
which understates the central
tendency and variability.

Measures of Skewness
For an asymmetrical distribution, the
distance between Mean and Mode may be
used to measure the degree of skewness
because the Mean is equal to Mode in a
symmetrical distribution. Thus,
Absolute,

Sk = Mean Mode

= Q3 + Q1 2 Median.
For Skewed distribution, if Mean>Mode, the
Skewness becomes +ive. Otherwise ive.

Variation

tells us about
the amount of the variation
where as Skewness tells
about
the
direction
of
variation.
In business and economic
series,
measures
of
variation
have
greater

Relative measures of
Skewness
Karl Pearsons Co-efficient of Skewness,

The value of SKp various between 3 for

moderately skewed distribution.

But in moderately skewed distribution,
the value of SKp lies between 1.

Relative measures of
Skewness
Bowleys Coefficient of Skewness,

Kellys coefficient of Skewness,

Calculation of SKp
1. Data of rejected items during a

production process is as follows:

No of
rejects(per
operator)

21-25 26-30

31-35

36-40 41-45

46-50 5155

No of
operators

28

42

12

15

15

Calculate the mean, standard

deviation, and coefficient of
skewness and comment on the
results.

Solution:
Class

Midvalue(m)

Frequenc
y(f)

d=(mA)/h

fd

fd

21-25

23

-3

-15

45

26-30

28

15

-2

-30

60

31-35

33

28

-1

-28

28

36-40

38

42

41-45

43

15

15

15

46-50

48

12

24

48

51-55

53

27

N=120

d=0

fd = -25 fd=223

Assume mean, A=38, then

By inspection, mode lies in the class 36-40.

Institute of Advanced Management Education and Entrepreneurship, Hyderabad

2010. IAMEE

Answers:
X = 36.96 rejects / operator.
= 6.736 rejects / operator.
Mode = 37.70
Coefficient of Skewness = -0.109
Interpretation :
Distribution is Negatively Skewed and hence
the concentration of the rejects/operator is
more on the left side.

Thoughts to ponder
1x8+1=9
12 x 8 + 2 = 98
123 x 8 + 3 = 987
1234 x 8 + 4 = 9876
12345 x 8 + 5 = 98765
123456 x 8 + 6 = 987654
1234567 x 8 + 7 = 9876543
12345678 x 8 + 8 = 98765432
123456789 x 8 + 9 =

1 x 9 + 2 = 11
12 x 9 + 3 = 111
123 x 9 + 4 = 1111
1234 x 9 + 5 = 11111
12345 x 9 + 6 = 111111
123456 x 9 + 7 = 1111111
1234567 x 9 + 8 = 11111111
12345678 x 9 + 9 =
111111111

9 x 9 + 7 = 88
98 x 9 + 6 = 888
987 x 9 + 5 = 8888
9876 x 9 + 4 = 88888
98765 x 9 + 3 = 888888
987654 x 9 + 2 = 8888888
9876543 x 9 + 1 = 88888888
98765432 x 9 + 0 = 888888888
Brilliant, isnt it?

And look at this symmetry:

1x1=1
11 x 11 = 121
111 x 111 = 12321
1111 x 1111 = 1234321
11111 x 11111 = 123454321
111111 x 111111 = 12345654321
1111111 x 1111111 =
1234567654321
11111111 x 11111111 =
123456787654321
111111111 x 111111111 =

Now, take a look at this

101%
From a strictly mathematical
viewpoint:
What Equals 100%?
What does it mean to give MORE
than 100%?
Ever wonder about those people
who say they are giving more than
100%?
We have all been in situations where

How about ACHIEVING

101%?
What equals 100% in
life?
Heres a little
mathematical formula
that might help

If:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRS
TUVWXYZ
Is represented as:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26.
If:
H-A-R-D-W-O-R- K
8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11 = 98%

And:
K-N-O-W-L-E-D-G-E
11+14+15+23+12+5+4+
7+5 = 96%
But:
A-T-T-I-T-U-D-E
1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5
= 100%

THEN, look how far the

love of God will take
you:
L-O-V-E-O-F-G-O-D
12+15+22+5+15+6+7
+15+4 = 101%

Therefore, one can

conclude with
mathematical certainty
that:
While Hard Work and
Knowledge will get you
close, and Attitude will
Get you there, Its the