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A4 Sequences
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Contents
A4 Sequences
A4.1 Introducing sequences
A4.2 Describing and continuing sequences
A4.3 Generating sequences
A4.4 Finding the nth term
A4.5 Sequences from practical contexts
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Introducing sequences
In maths, we call a list of numbers in order a sequence.
Each number in a sequence is called a term.
4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, . . .
1st term
6th term
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Naming sequences
Here are the names of some sequences which you may
know already:
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, . . .
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, . . .
Odd numbers
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, . . .
Multiples of 3
Multiples of 5
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, . . .
Square numbers
1, 3, 6, 10,15, . . .
Triangular numbers
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Ascending sequences
When each term in a sequence is bigger than the one
before the sequence is called an ascending sequence.
For example,
The terms in this ascending sequence increase in equal
steps by adding 5 each time.
2,
7,
12, 17, 22, 27, 32, 37, . . .
+5
+5
+5
+5
+5
+5
+5
2
Boardworks Ltd 2004
Descending sequences
When each term in a sequence is smaller than the one
before the sequence is called a descending sequence.
For example,
The terms in this descending sequence decrease in equal
steps by starting at 24 and subtracting 7 each time.
24, 17, 10,
3, 4, 11, 18, 25, . . .
7
7
Boardworks Ltd 2004
Contents
A4 Sequences
A4.1 Introducing sequences
A4.2 Describing and continuing sequences
A4.3 Generating sequences
A4.4 Finding the nth term
A4.5 Sequences from practical contexts
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10
Odd Numbers
1
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12
15
15
20
25
Multiples of Five
5
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10
16
25
10
15
Triangular Numbers
1
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2 3,
3 4,
4 5,
5 6, . . .
1 2 = 2 2 3 = 6 3 4 = 12 4 5 = 20
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5 6 = 30
Boardworks Ltd 2004
Powers of two
We can show powers of two like this:
21 = 2
22 = 4
23 = 8
24 = 16
25 = 32
26 = 64
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Powers of three
We can show powers of three like this:
31 = 3
32 = 9
33 = 27
34 = 81
35 = 243
36 = 729
Each term in this sequence is three times the term before it.
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7,
+4
11,
+4
15
+4
19,
+4
23,
+4
27,
+4
31, . . .
+4
16,
10,
6
4,
6
2,
6
8, 14, 20, . . .
6
6,
+1
8,
+2
11,
+3
15,
+4
20,
+5
26,
+6
33, . . .
+7
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6.9,
0.1
6.7,
0.2
6.4,
0.3
6,
0.4
5.5,
0.5
4.9, 4.2, . . .
0.6
0.7
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3,
+2
8,
+5
+3
16,
+8
+3
27,
+11
+3
41,
+14
+3
58,
+17
+3
78, . . .
+20
+3
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4,
2
8,
2
16,
2
32,
2
64,
2
128, 256, . . .
2
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64,
16,
4
4,
4
1,
4
0.25, 0.125, . . .
4
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1
4
Fibonacci-type sequences
Can you work out the next three terms in this sequence?
1,
1,
2,
3,
5,
8,
13,
21,
34,
1+1
1+2
3+5
5+8
8+13
13+21
21+13
55, . . .
21+34
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Continuing sequences
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Contents
A4 Sequences
A4.1 Introducing sequences
A4.2 Describing and continuing sequences
A4.3 Generating sequences
A4.4 Finding the nth term
A4.5 Sequences from practical contexts
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Sequence grid
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Write down 3.
Add on 1.5.
Write down the answer.
No
Is the answer
more than 10?
Yes
STOP
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Is the answer
less than -5?
Yes
STOP
32 of 27
Is the answer
less than 4?
Yes
STOP
33 of 27
Is the answer
more than 100?
Yes
STOP
34 of 27
Continuing sequences
Here are some different ways in which the sequence might
continue:
1
2
+1
4
+2
2
2
7
+3
4
2
11
+4
8
2
16
+5
16
2
22
+6
32
2
64
2
Continuing sequences
This sequence continues by adding 3 each time.
1
4
+3
7
+3
10
+3
13
+3
16
+3
19
+3
We can say that rule for getting from one term to the next
term is add 3.
This is called the term-to-term rule.
The term-to-term rule for this sequence is +3.
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5,
8,
11,
14,
17,
20,
23, . . .
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Term-to-term rule
7
+2
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11
+4
17
+6
27
+10
39
+12
53 . . .
+14
Boardworks Ltd 2004
Add 3
100
Subtract 5
Double
3, 6, 12, 24, 48
Multiply by 10
Subtract 2
7, 5, 3, 1, 1
Add 0.1
0.8
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Term-to-term rule
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
nth
Term
12
15
18
3n
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46 of 27
47 of 27
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Contents
A4 Sequences
A4.1 Introducing sequences
A4.2 Describing and continuing sequences
A4.3 Generating sequences
A4.4 Finding the nth term
A4.5 Sequences from practical contexts
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Sequences of multiples
All sequences of multiples can be generated by adding the
same amount each time. They are linear sequences.
For example, the sequence of multiples of 5:
5,
10,
+5
15,
+5
20,
+5
25,
+5
30
+5
35
+5
40
+5
1
5
Term
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2
5
10
4
5
15
20
25
n
5
5n
Boardworks Ltd 2004
Sequences of multiples
The sequence of multiples of 3:
3,
6,
+3
9,
+3
12,
+3
15,
+3
18,
+3
21,
+3
24,
+3
1
3
Term
4
3
12
15
n
3
3n
Sequences of multiples
The nth term of a sequence of multiples is always dn,
where d is the difference between consecutive terms.
For example,
The nth term of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 is 4n
The 10th term of this sequence is 4 10 = 40
The 25th term of this sequence is 4 25 = 100
The 47th term of this sequence is 4 47 = 188
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7,
+3
10,
+3
13,
+3
16,
+3
19,
+3
22,
+3
25
+3
Multiples
of 3
Term
3
3
+1
9
+1
5
3
12
+1
10
+1
13
15
+1
16
n
3
3n
+1
3n + 1
6,
+5
11,
+5
16,
+5
21,
+5
26,
+5
31,
+5
36
+5
Multiples
of 5
Term
3
5
10
4
5
15
4
11
5
5
20
4
16
25
4
21
n
5
5n
4
5n 4
3,
2
1,
2
1,
2
3,
2
5,
7,
2
9
2
Multiples
of 2
Term
3
2
+7
+7
+7
5
2
8
+7
10
2n
+7
+7
7 2n
Arithmetic sequences
Sequences that increase (or decrease) in equal steps are
called linear or arithmetic sequences.
The difference between any two consecutive terms in an
arithmetic sequence is a constant number.
When we describe arithmetic sequences we call the
difference between consecutive terms, d.
We call the first term in an arithmetic sequence, a.
For example, if an arithmetic sequence has a = 5 and d = -2,
We have the sequence:
5,
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3,
1,
-1,
-3,
-5,
...
Boardworks Ltd 2004
T(n) = 2n + 4
T(n) = 2n 4
T(n) = 3n + 6
T(n) = 4 n
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Contents
A4 Sequences
A4.1 Introducing sequences
A4.2 Describing and continuing sequences
A4.3 Generating sequences
A4.4 Finding the nth term
A4.5 Sequences from practical contexts
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Number of
Tiles
12
16
1 lot of 4
2 lots of 4
3 lots of 4
4 lots of 4
Number of
Blocks
10
13
2nd pattern
3rd pattern
4th pattern
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Paving slabs 1
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Paving slabs 2
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Paving slabs 2
The number of blue tiles form the sequence 8, 13, 18, 32, . . .
Pattern
number
Number of
blue tiles
13
18
Dotty pattern 1
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Dotty pattern 2
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Leapfrog investigation
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