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Level 1
Preprocessing Phase
1) Create & discretize the solution
domain into finite elements.
2) Assume shape functions to represent
the physical behavior of an element.
3) Develop equations for an element.
4) Construct global stiffness matrix.
5) Apply boundary & initial conditions &
loading parameters.
Solution Phase
Solving a set of linear or nonlinear
algebraic equations to obtain nodal
results.
Build/Mesh a Model
Define FEA Model
Element and Analysis Details
Define Loads and Constraints
Analyze Model (Solve)
Review Results and Create
Presentations
FEA Concepts
Key Terms:
Degrees of freedom(DOF).
Displacement matrix
Stiffness matrix
Force matrix
DOF Type
Action
Application
Displacement
Force
Structural
Temperature
Thermal
Velocity
Fluid
Voltage
Electrostatic
Uy
Rot y
Rot x
Node
Ux
Uz
Rot z
Application
Problem
Conjugate vector f
represents
Displacement
Mechanical force
Heat conduction
Temperature
Heat flux
Acoustic fluid
Displacement
potential
Particle velocity
Potential flows
Pressure
Particle velocity
General flows
Velocity
Fluxes
Electrostatics
Electric potential
Charge density
Magnetostatics
Magnetic potential
Magnetic intensity
Mathematical
Model
Discrete
Model
CONTINUIFICATION
REALIZATION &
IDENTIFICATION
Solution
Discretization
Solution Error
Discretization+Solution Error
Modeling+Discretization+Solution Error
Discrete
Solution
Element
Options
geometric properties.
1D:
2D:
3D:
No Communication
Between the Elements
Communication
Between the Elements
temperature)
Known
where {f} = force vector
[K] = stiffness matrix
{d} = displacement vector
Unknown
Analysis
Options
Linear
Linear static
Linear dynamics (incl. eight
analysis types + DDAM)
Nonlinear
Nonlinear static
MES
Modal w/ nonlinear materials
Riks (post buckling & collapse)
Thermal
Steady-state heat transfer
Transient heat transfer
Fluid Flow
Steady fluid flow
Unsteady fluid flow
Flow through porous media
Open channel flow
Electrostatic
Current and voltage
Field strength and voltage
Mass Transfer
Transient mass transfer
Multiphysics
Steady coupled fluid flow
and thermal
Transient coupled fluid flow
and thermal
Linear static
Small changes in stiffness.
No changes in loading direction.
Material remains in the linear elastic range.
Small deformation and strain.
Linear dynamics
Natural frequency (modal)
Natural frequency (modal) with load stiffening
Response spectrum
Random vibration
Frequency response
Transient stress (direct integration)
Transient stress (modal superposition)
Critical buckling load
Dynamic Design Analysis Method (DDAM)
Nonlinear/MES
Linear and nonlinear material models.
Large deformation and strain.
Failure due to:
Material yielding.
Local and structural buckling.
Permanent deformation residual stress.
Large-scale motion.
Nonlinear/MES
Surface-to-surface contact
Impact
Creep
Meshing and
Modeling
The
exception to this is second order elements,
where midside nodes are located on the original
surface for curved, CAD-based geometry.
(continued)
(continued)
Loads and
Constraints
(continued)
Displacements
Forces
Lumped Masses
Moments
Temperatures (thermal stress)
Voltages (piezoelectric materials)
Line of
Symmetry
Using
Boundary
Conditions
to
Model
Antisymmetry (where the part is symmetrical but
the loads act in opposite directions)
Along the line or plane of antisymmetry,
boundary conditions must be applied to
represent the part, as follows:
Out-of-plane rotation = 0
Two in-plane displacements = 0
Line of
Antisymmetry
Gravity/Acceleration
Can
specify
gravitational
or
general
acceleration value and direction. You must
have a mass density defined for each part.
Centrifugal Loads
Specify center of rotation, angular velocity and
angular acceleration values.
Distributed Loads
Specify the magnitude and direction at each end
of beam elements.
Truss Elements
constrained.
Beam
Elements
Beam Elements
(continued)
depth.
The cross-section of the element is constant. (Note: A variable
length.
2-D
Elements
Plate/Shell
Elements
Constraints:
Brick Elements
Constraints:
The remaining nodes at the fixed end will have only the Tx
constraint applied.