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Chapter 39
Body alignment
Body balance
2
Copyright 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Scientific Knowledge
Base
Friction
Activity tolerance
Isotonic exercises
Isometric exercises
3
Copyright 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Case Study
Mr. Smith is a 72-year-old African-American who
is hospitalized for surgery on his right knee. He
relates the problem with his knee to previous
sports injuries. He first sought medical advice
and treatment 6 years ago.
Regulation of Movement
Muscles
concerned
with
movement
Skeletal
system
Joints
Ligaments,
tendons,
cartilage
Skeletal
muscle
Muscles
concerned
with posture
Muscle
groups
Nervous
system
Proprioception
Balance
of joints
Types
Regulation of Movement
(Cont.)
Regulation of Movement
(Cont.)
9
Copyright 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Principles of Transfer
and Positioning Techniques
Congenital defects
Musculoskeletal trauma
Special equipment
After-action reviews
No-lift policy
Transfer techniques
10
Developmental changes
Adolescence
Older adults
Behavioral aspects
11
Copyright 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Factors Influencing
Activity
and Exercise
Work site
Schools
Community
and
Exercise (Cont.)
Environmental issues
12
Critical Thinking
Successful critical thinking
Clinical judgments
Require you to anticipate information, analyze the data, and
make decisions regarding patient care
13
Nursing Process
Diagnosi
s
Plannin
g
Implementati
on
Assessme
nt
14
Evaluatio
n
Assessment
Thoroughly assess:
15
Assessment (Cont.)
Head:
erect, midline
Body:
symmetrical
Spine:
straight with
normal curvatures
Abdomen:
Knees:
tucked
slightly flexed
Feet:
pointed forward
and slightly apart
Arms:
at sides
Standing
16
Assessment (Cont.)
Sitting
Head: erect
17
Assessment (Cont.)
Recumbent position
Mobility
Gait
Exercise
Activity tolerance
18
19
Nursing Diagnosis
Activity intolerance
Ineffective coping
20
Planning
Goals and outcomes
Setting priorities
21
Discharge planning
22
Copyright 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Implementation
Health promotion
Body mechanics
Acute care
Musculoskeletal system
Joint mobility
Walking
23
Quick Quiz!
24
A. posture.
B. activity tolerance.
C. body mechanics.
D. range of joint motion.
37 - 24
Implementation (Cont.)
25
26
Implementation (Cont.)
27
28
Walkers
Canes
Crutches
Measuring
for crutches
32
33
Crutch Gait
34
35
36
Implementation (Cont.)
Restoration of activity and chronic illness
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
37
Evaluation
Through the patients eyes
Patient outcomes
38
39
40