ROOF

COVERING

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

PROPERTIES

FACTORS AFFECTING THE

SELECTION OF ROOFING MATERIAL

TYPES OF ROOF COVERING

ROOFING TILES: INTRODUCTION

Roofing tiles are used to cover sloping roofs.

Supported on woodenreapers or light gauge steel

or steed rods are also used.

Normallythese tiles are having curved surface

having ribbed sections, so that with thin section
they are sufficiently strong to resist the load.

Some times flat tiles are used under

curved/ribbed tiles.

THE DESIRABLE PROPERTIES OF THE ROOFING TILES

ARE:

1. They should not absorb moisture more than

20 per cent by weight.
2. They should give pleasing look.
3. They should be capable of taking load of a
man safely, after they are supported on
reapers.
4. They should be durable.
5. They should be uniform in shape and size.
6. warpage should not exceed 2% along the
edges and 1.5% along the diagonal.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE SELECTION OF ROOFING

MATERIAL

Type of building
Type of framework
Initial cost
Maintenance requirements
Fabrication facilities
Appearance and special features of locality
Availability of material
Climate of locality

TYPES OF ROOF COVERING

SLATE ROOFING TILES
ALLHABAD TILES
BURNT CLAY TILES
CONCRETE TILES

SLATES
ROOFING

 Extremely low water absorption index,

less than 0.4%, which makes its resistant
to frost damage.

Consists of bituminous slates called

eternit (generic term for fiber cement).

Available in three colours-grey,black and

red.

SIZE- 12x6, 6mm thickness

COST- 25-30/Sq.ft

Slates are obtained from quarries as

blocks

Reduced to slabs after dividing into

sections using diamond or circular saw.

Each slab is divided into thin laminate

or slate by using splitters

FIXING

Slates roofs tiles are usually

fixed either with nails or
with hooks.

Fixing is typically with

double nails onto timber
battens or nailed direclty
onto timbersarking boards.
nails are made up of alloy
and stainless steel.

11/16/16

LAYING

Laid such that each slate

overlaps a slate in the next
course below it.

Two holes are made from the bed

of the slab at the centre or head
so

Slates are fixed to battens by

copper or zinc nails.

The spacing of battens i.e,gauge

is determined as
gauge=(length of slate-lap)/2

A layer of felt is used below slate

to exclude rain water and
moisture.

Battens

SLATES
OVERLAP

ALLAHABAD
TILES

 Allahabad tiles are generally laid side by side and the joints are
covered with half round tiles.

It consists of flat broad bottom undertile that alternate with convex

curved overtile.

Unfertile is flat,tapered,with flanges at the side.

The overtile is half round and tapered in plan with diameter tapering
from 16 cm at tail to 12 cm at the head.

The taper in the overtile allow the tile in next course to fit in.
Vertical battens of size 2.2cmx7.5cm are fixed between sides of
adjacent undertiles and to these half round overtiles.

Overtiles are fixed to vertical battens with 75 mm nails.

Cost- 55-145 Sq.ft

BURNT CLAY TILES

Clay roofing tileis a good choice for

homes with a southwestern, Italian, or
Spanish Mission design, or even for
homes with a modern, clean look.

Tile lasts a long time

Burnt clay tile roofs are only used for

sloping roofs between about 20 and 50
inclination of rafter.

Clay tiles are heavy, requiring a strong

substructure and closely spaced battens.

SIZES- 2x6
3x 8(Max)

COST-45-65/ sq.ft

ADVANTAGE
Tile won't rot or burn, and it can't be
harmed by insects.

The color of a clay tile is not

affected by exposure to the
elements, it can easily last for 100of
years.

DISADVANTAGE

A major problem of clay tiles is the

immense loss due to cracking and
breakage.

Clay tile production is a traditional

village craft in many regions, but
uniform shapes and qualities are
difficult to achieve.

Special properties- Durable, waterproof

cladding for sloped roofs

Economical aspects -Low to medium costs

Resistance to earthquake- Low

Resistance to hurricane- Medium to good

Resistance to rain- Very good

Resistance to insects -Very good

Climatic suitability- All climates, but most

common in humid areas

PROCESS USED TO CREATE

OBJECTS OF A FIXED, CROSSSECTIONAL PROFILE

MAINTENANCE

Burnt clay tiles requires inspections

at least twice a year so as to last for
further years.
They often develop cracks with
years.
A cracked tile needs to be replaced
or repaired in place.
Mix up a small amount of mortar and
carefully fill in the crack. Be sure to
wet the tile with plenty of water to
help the mortar set up properly.
Tiles will be slippery when wet

CONCRETE
TILES

Plain tiles, pantiles, Roman

tiles, interlocking tiles, and
ridge, hip and valley tiles are
made of this material.

pantiles

The mixture is composed of

normal Portland cement and
clean well-graded sand.

ridge

The body treated with mineral

granules which have been
coated with color.
Roman tiles

Durability estimates range from 30 to 50

years.

Weigh between 9 1/2 and 12 pounds(1

pound =.45 gram) per square foot.

Size is 265mm by 165 mm and 12mm

thick.

Require low maintenance

Offer good fire protection and are

resistant to rot and insects.

COST-

INR 150 to INR 300/ Sq.ft

FIXING
The usual lap for plain tiling is 65mm, for pitched roof at 37
degree.
For pitches up to 60 degree the tiles should be twice nailed
in every third course to once nailed in each course.
For pitches exceeding 60 degree all tiles should be nailed
twice.
The nails are usually 38 mm long and may be either
galvanized wrought iron, zinc, copper or composition.

M
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PROCESS USED TO CREATE OBJECTS OF A

FIXED, CROSS-SECTIONAL PROFILE

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