Solar Charger

Controller

Group Content

Conceive and Design (Hardware)

Conceive and Design (Software)
Implementation
Operate

Slide Content
Conceive
Main Purpose
System
Type of solar charger controller

Design
Solar Charger Schematics
Sections of the controller circuit

Basic Need
To charge the battery
The most basic system

Solar Panel

Battery

The effect
Loss of power
Over charger of battery
Reverse effect (battery will be
discharge by the circuit) [defeat the
purpose]

What is the objective

Maximize the available power form
the solar panel to charge the battery

Consideration

Location/Whether
Irradiance
Temperature
Cost (Complexity and materials)

Syste
m
Solar Panel

Solar
Charger
Controller

Inverter

Battery

AC Load

DC Load

Type of solar charger

controller
Explain every single one
On off
PMW
MPPT (P&O) method

Design

Solar Charger Schematics

Input

X1

D1

FUSE

1N4007

Input

Q1
IRF9530

R1
330

D2
1N4741A

Solar_In
100F

C1
100F

R4
330

Ground

R9
330

LED1

Ground

R10
330

LED2

Ground

R8
330

Battery
100F
R2
330

R3
330

Ground

R5
330

Q2
2N3904

R6
330

R7
330

Q3

2N2222

X2

Solar_In1

FUSE

100F

Q4
IRF540

Sections of the controller

circuit

Voltage Sensing
PWM signal generation
MOSFET switching and driver
Protection

Voltage Sensing
Sense solar panel voltage
Lower down voltage
As reference voltage

Voltage Sensing
Input

X1

D1

FUSE

1N4007

Input

Q1
IRF9530

R1
330

D2
1N4741A

Solar_In
100F

C1
100F

R4
330

Ground

R9
330

LED1

Ground

R10
330

LED2

Ground

R8
330

Battery
100F
R2
330

R3
330

Ground

R5
330

Q2
2N3904

R6
330

R7
330

Q3

2N2222

X2

Solar_In1

FUSE

100F

Q4
IRF540

PWM signal generation

Extracted from ardunio.com

Input

X1

D1

FUSE

1N4007

Input

Q1
IRF9530

R1
330

D2
1N4741A

Solar_In
100F

C1
100F

R4
330

Ground

R9
330

LED1

Ground

R10
330

LED2

Ground

R8
330

Battery
100F
R2
330

R3
330

Ground

R5
330

Q2
2N3904

R6
330

R7
330

Q3

2N2222

X2

Solar_In1

FUSE

100F

Q4
IRF540

MOSFET switching and

driver
PWM signal turn on transistor
Gate of MOSFET on
Battery charging

Input

X1

D1

FUSE

1N4007

Input

Q1
IRF9530

R1
330

D2
1N4741A

Solar_In
100F

C1
100F

R4
330

Ground

R9
330

LED1

Ground

R10
330

LED2

Ground

R8
330

Battery
100F
R2
330

R3
330

Ground

R5
330

Q2
2N3904

R6
330

R7
330

Q3

2N2222

X2

Solar_In1

FUSE

100F

Q4
IRF540

Circuit Protection

Over Voltage Protection

PV panel reverse current
Overcharge protection
Auto Load Disconnection

Ultiborad Design

End

Conceive & Design

Software & Logic
By Geoffrey Tan

Outline
The Need & Operating Environment
The Logic
Future Improvements

The Need & Operating Environment

Solar Power Generation
- Fluctuations throughout the day
- Power generation is not constant
Operating Environment
- Taylors University

Malaysian MET
Dept
Compiled by
Autodesk

P&O

THE LOGIC

P&O

Tuned P&O

Inputs:

N
O

N
O

Y
e
s
Decrea
se Vref

Y
e
s

N
O
Increas
e Vref

Loop

N
O
Decrea
se Vref

Y
e
s
Increas
e Vref

Future Improvements
Weather Sensing
Cloud Coverage Prediction

Solar Charge Controller

Implementation

Other common ways

-Perturb and Observation(Mppt)
-PWM
-Current Sweep Method

When Compared to others,

P&O..
Adapts to ever changing conditions as PWM
is more suited for conditions that are stable
and constant
More versatile can be used to charge a wide
range of batteries while PWM only good for
one or two
Mppt can withstand large amount of voltage
Stress free for other components while PWM
stresses other components making it
unable to function fully.

Prototype Circuit

Implementing ( Testing for

current)

Checking the source voltage to

ensure consistancy

Charging of battery at
around 25%

Between charge and

Discharge

Data Collected
I

PWM

7.6

6.94V

52.744

P&O

7.9

6.94V

54.826

Efficiency increase when compared to PMW = 3.96%

Operate
Solar Charge Controller

Charging Conditions
Solar Volt > Battery Volt & Battery Volt <=
6.96
PWM = 95% (Boost mode)
Solar Volt > Battery Volt & Battery Volt 6.96 <
V => 7.2
PWM = 10% (Absorption mode)
Solar Volt < Battery Volt or Battery Volt > 7.2
PWM = 0%

Load Condition
No sunlight & battery charged
Solar Volt < 5 & Battery Volt > 4.5 ->
Load on
Sunlight or Low Battery
Solar Volt > 5 or Battery Volt < 4.5
-> Load off

LCD display
LCD show % charged
LCD show Battery is dead
Battery Volt < 4

Demonstration

Recommendation of
Improvement

Thank you ^_^

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