Introduction to

Databases
Sheryl May C. Jagonia

Learning Objective
Define Data
Define Information
Define Database
Define Data Hierarchy
History of Database

Learning Objective
Define Database Management
System (DMBS)
Enumerate the 2 types of data in a
Database
Enumerate the
elements/components of a
database environment

DIFFERENTIATING DATA &

INFORMATION

DATA

INFORMATION

HISTORY OF DATABASE

MANUAL FILLING SYSTEM

FILE BASED SYSTEM

DATABASE APPROACH

DATABASE TIMELINE

Stage 0: Manual

Information
System
1. Records
2. Files
3. Index Cards

Stage 1:

Sequential
Information
Systems
1. Tapes
2. Files
3. slow, noninteractive,
redundancy

File
Based
Information
Systems
Stage 2:

1. Disk (direct
access)
2. application
program has
its own file,
led to data
dependence
3. data
redundancy

Stage 3: DBMS

based
Information
Systems

1. Generalized
data
management
software
2. Transaction
processing

WHAT IS A
DATABASE?

It is a collection of
related data that can be
stored in a central location
or in multiple location.

WHAT IS A DATA
HIERARCHY?

It is the structure and

organization of data,
which involves fields
(attributes), records
(tuples) , and files.

ID NUMBER STUDENT NAME

COURSE

201107745

GERL MARIE
CLIMACO

BSIS

200632254

DIANA ROSE
DUNQUE

BSCS

201245896

AIMEE ABAO

BSCS

METHODS OF ACCESSING
FILES

Sequential File
Structure

Random Access
Structure

Indexed
Sequential
Access Method
(ISAM)

WHAT IS A
DATABASE
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (DBMS)?

A software for creating,

storing, maintaining, and
accessing database files.

Note: A DBMS makes

using databases more
efficient.

TYPES OF DATA IN A
DATABASE

DATABASE
ENVIRONMENT

HARDWARE
Refers to all of the systems physical devices
Computers
Micro computer, mainframe,
workstation, servers
Storage Devices
Printers
Network Devices
Hubs, switches, fiber optics, routers

SOFTWARE
Operating System Software
UNIX, LINUX, MAC OS, Windows
DBMS Software
MS Access, SQL Server, Oracle
Application Programs

Database
System
Environment

writes and
enforces
System
Administrator
supervises

Hardware

gn

manages

writes

de
si

Database
Administra
tor

Analysts &
Programm
ers

Applied to

Database
Designer

DBM
S

use

access
DBMS
Utilities

Procedures
&
Standards

Application
Softwares
End Users