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Surge Arrester

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STANDARDS
IEC 60099
Surge arresters

Part 1 : Non-linear resistor type gapped


surge arresters for a.c. systems
Part 4 : Metal-oxide surge arresters without
gaps for a.c. systems
Part 5 : Selection and application
recommendations
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Definition
A protective device for limiting surge voltages
on equipment by diverting surge current and
returning the device to its original status. It is
capable of repeating these functions as
specified.
[IEEE Standard C.62.11-2005]

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Metal-Oxide Arresters

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U-I-characteristic of a typical MO arrester in a solidly


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earthed neutral 420kV system
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Metal-Oxide Resistors

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Porcelain Housed Surge Arrester

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Polymer Housed Surge Arrester

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Two-Unit
HV Surge
Arrester
Compone
nts

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Surge Counter

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Surge Counter Installation

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Surge Arrester Calculation

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Choosing the Continuous Operating Voltage and the Rated Voltage

U C ,min

1.05 U m

3
U
m

U r1 1.25 U C ,min

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effectively earthed
non - effectively earthed

Choosing the Continuous Operating Voltage and the Rated Voltage

Ur2

U m . L .Ce
3.Tr

C e : Earth Fault Factor

L : Load Rejection Factor


Tr : Temporary Overvoltage Strength Factor

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Choosing the Continuous Operating Voltage and the Rated Voltage

U r maxU r1 ,U r 2

Ur2

U C max
, U C ,min
1.25

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Selecting the Nominal Discharge Current

IEC 60099-4 Table 1

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Selecting the Line Discharge Class

IEC 60099-5 Table 1


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Energy Absorption Capability due to Switching


2U res (30 / 60 s)
L
W
[U L U res (30 / 60 s )]
Z0
v
U L : highest overvoltage
L : length of longest line
v 300 m/s

W
Ur

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IEC 60099-5 Table 1

Specific energy in kJ/kV


of rated voltage
dependent on the
ratio of switching
impulse residual
voltage Ua to the
r.m.s. value of the
rated voltage Ur
the arrester.
[Fig. E1 IEC 60099-4]

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Energy Absorption Capability due to Lightning


[IEC 60099-5 ]

Tl
W [2U f NU pl (1 ln(2U f / U pl ))]U pl
Z
U pl : The lightning impulse protection level of the arrester
N : No. of lines connected to the arrester
Tl : The equivalent duration of of a lightning flash (300 s)
U f : The negative flashover voltage of the insulation

U f 700 d k
d : Air gap
k : Altitude correction factor

W
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Ur
W

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Selecting the Housing


[IEC 60099-4]

1. Insulation Characteristics
2. Mechanical Characteristics
3. Creepage distance

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Selecting pressure relief class

Porcelain housed arrester after


pressure relief test

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Surge Arrester Calculation


Protecting Distance
[IEC 60099-5 ]

N U rw
LP (
U pl )( Lsp L f )
A 1.15
Urw :

Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage

Upl :

Lightning impulse protection level of surge arrester

Lf = Ra/r : Length of overhead line in front of the station, which gives a


rate of lighting
events equal to the acceptable failure rate
Ra : Acceptable failure rate (number of failures per unit time) for the
protected
equipment (1/Year)
r : Overhead line outage rate (1/100km.Year)
N : Number of lines connected to the substation
Lsp: Span length
Lp: Protecting distance
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A : Voltage according to Table2 of IEC60099-5 describing the lighting
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performance

Protecting Distance
[IEC 60099-5 ]

IEC 60099-5 Table 2 : Factor A for various over head lines

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Protecting Distance
[Ministry of Power Standard]

U p U RES

di
2 S D / V LC L
dt

Up :

voltage on the terminal of the protected equipment

L:
Lc :

Inductance Of The Conductor Between Line And Effective Earth


Maximum Length From Line Conductor To Effective Earth

S:

Front Steepness Of Lightning Overvoltage (kV/S)

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Catalogue
(TRIDELTA)

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