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It is light in weight.
It is smaller in size and is flexible, so that it can bend to
any position.
It is nonconductive, non-radiative and non-inductive.
It has high bandwidth and low loss.
There is no short circuiting as in metal wires.
There is no internal noise/cross talks.
It can withstand to any range of temperature and moisture
condition.
There is no need to ground and hence no voltage problem
occurs.
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History
Guiding of light by refraction, the
principle that makes fiber optics possible,
was first demonstrated by Daniel Colladon
and Jacques Babinet in Paris in the early
1840s.
J o h n Tyn d a l l i n c l u d e d a d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f
i t i n h i s p u b l i c l e c t u r e s i n L o n d o n, 1 2
y e a r s l a t e r.
Tyn d a l l a l s o w r o t e a b o u t t h e p r o p e r t y o f
total internal reflection in an introductory
book about the nature of light in 1870:
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Daniel
Colladon
first
described this light fountain
or light pipe in an 1842
article titled On the reflections
of a ray of light inside a
parabolic liquid stream.
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Definition
1. Core 8-10 m
2. Cladding 125 m
3.a. Buffer 250 m
b. Jacket 400 m
Fiber Composition
1) the core
2) the cladding
3) the sheath (jacket or coating).
The core and cladding act as an optical wave-guide.
In optical fiber the refractive index of core is
slightly higher than the refractive index of cladding.
Core - it is a transmission area of fiber.
- typical core diameters range from 8 to 10 m
Cladding - it surrounds the core and has a different
index of refraction than the core.
- it defines the optical boundary of the core and
makes sure that total internal reflection occurs at
the core outer skin.
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Total Internal
Reflection
Fiber for light beam propagation
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Refraction
of
Light
Light travels at approximately 3x10 m/s in free
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Index of refraction
Total internal reflection forms the basis for light propagation in optical fibers.
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Numerical Aperture
The acceptance angle for a fiber defines its numerical aperture (NA)
NA sin i
NA
1 2
1
n1 n22
n
n
n1 n2 n1 n2 1n
2 n12
1 2
n1 n22
n
n1 n2
n1
n
NA 1 2
n
n1 n2
n1
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Index Profile
It is a graphical representation of the value of
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In a graded-index fiber
Single-Mode Step-Index
Fiber
It has a central core that is sufficiently small so that there is
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Multi-mode
Step-Index
Fiber
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Index of
refraction
increased
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Attenuation
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Thanking You.
11/20/16
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