Switches & Relays

Osman Gülercan
16169230356
 What is switch?
• A switch is an electrical component that
can break an electrical circuit
• Switches are highly varied based on their
intended utility.
• A pair of contacts is said to be "closed"
when current can flow one to the other.
• The terms pole and throw are also used to
describe switch contact variations.
Some of Switch Types
 Electronics specification and
abbreviation
• SPST: Single pole, single throw
• SPDT: Single pole, double throw
• SPCO SPTT, c.o. : Similar to SPDT.
Some suppliers use SPCO/SPTT for
switches with a stable off position in the
centre and SPDT for those without
• DPST: Double pole, single throw
• DPDT: Double pole, double throw
• DPCO: Double pole changeover
or Double pole, centre off
Dimmer Switches
• Any standard single-pole switch
can be replaced with a dimmer,
as long as the switch is of
adequate size. Dimmer
switches have larger bodies that
standard switches. They also
generate a small amount of heat
that must dissipate. For these
reasons, dimmers should not be
installed in undersized electrical
boxes or in boxes that are
crowded with circuit wires.
Always follow the
manufacturer’s specifications for
installation.
 Double Switch
Separate-circuit wiring
• Four black wires are
attached to the
switch
• Feed wires from the
power source are
attached to the side
of switch that has a
connecting tab, and
the connecting tab is
removed
Pilot-light Switches

• A pilot-light switch has a

built-in bulb that glows
when power flows
through the switch to a
light fixture or appliance
• Pilot- light switches
often are installed for
convenience if a light
fixture or appliance
cannot be seen from
the switch location
Timer Switches

• Timer switches have

an electrically
powered control dial
that can be set to turn
lights on and off
automatically once
each day
• They are commonly
used to control
outdoor light fixtures
Time-delay Switches
• A time-delay switch has
a spring-driven dial that
is wound by hand
• The dial can be set to
turn off a light fixture
after a delay ranging
from I to 60 minutes
• Time-delay switches
often are used for
exhaust fans, electric
space heaters, vent
fans, and heat lamps
Automatic Switches
• An automatic switch
uses a narrow infrared
• beam to detect
movement
• When a hand passes
within a few inches of
the beam, an electronic
signal turns the switch
on or off
• Some automatic
switches have a manual
dimming feature
 Automatic Switches
• Automatic switches require no neutral
can be installed wire connections
wherever a standard
• For this reason,
single-pole switchanisautomatic
used switch can be installed in
• aAutomatic
switch boxswitches
containingare either one or
especially two cables
convenient for
• The wireand
children leads on thewith
persons switch are connected to hot circuit
disabilities.
wires with wire connectors
 Motion-sensor Security Switches

• A motion-sensor switch
uses a wide-angle infra-
red beam to detect
movement over a large
area
• Turns on a light fixture
automatically
• A time-delay feature
turns off lights after
movement stops
 Motion-sensor Security Switches

• Most
Motion-sensor
motion-sensor
switches
switches
require
have
no neutral
an override
wire feature
that allows the switch to be operated manually
connections
• They
Bettercan
switches
be installed
includeinadjustable
switch boxessensitivity
containing
control
either
and
a or two cables
one
• Variable
The wiretime-delay
leads on the
shutoff
switch
control.
are connected to hot circuit
wires with wire connectors
Programmable Switches

• Programmable
switches represent
the latest in switch
design
• They have digital
controls and
• Can provide four on-
off cycles each day
 Contactors
Contactors are relays that switch high
current loads a.k.a magnetic starters
Contactors
A Contactor is a control device
that uses a small control
current to energize or de-
energize the load connected
to it.

Abouts:
• A contactor has a frame,
plunger, and a solenoid coil.
• The action of the plunger is
used to close (or open) sets
of contacts.
• A contactor does not include
overload protection.
• The closing of the contacts
allows electrical devices to be
controlled from remote
locations.
 Relay Timers
• ON Delay

• OFF Delay
 Wired ON Delay
X1 X2
OFF
1. Energy applied
to power rails
NO

ON
NC

1
 Wired ON Delay - NCTO
X1 X2
ON 1. Energy applied to
power rails
2. Start PB is pressed
- Coil is energized
NC - Holding contact close
- Timer contact stays
ON closed, lamp stays on.
NC
- Count begins (5 sec)

2
 Wired ON Delay - NCTO
X1 X2
ON 3. Timer count ends
- Coil is still energized
- Timer contact open
- lamp goes off.
NC
4. Timer contacts remain
OFF open until the coil is de-
NO
3 energized

The Normally Closed contact will take 5 seconds To Open when the coil is energized.
 ON Delay - NOTC
X1 X2
OFF
1. Power is applied
to rails

NO OFF

The Normally Open contact will take 5 seconds To Close when the coil is energized.
 ON Delay - NOTC
X1 X2
ON
2. Start PB is pressed
– Coil energizes
– Holding contacts
NC close
OFF – Timer contacts stay
open
– Lamp stays off
– Counter starts to
count (5 sec)

The Normally Open contact will take 5 seconds To Close when the coil is energized.
 ON Delay - NOTC
X1 X2
ON
3. Counter finishes count
– Coil stays energized
– Timer contacts close
NC – Lamp goes on
NC ON

4. Timer contacts will

open when relay coil
is de-energized.

The Normally Open contact will take 5 seconds To Close when the coil is energized.
 OFF Delay - NCTC
1. Power is applied to
rails
2. Coil is off, contacts are
closed, lamp is on

The timer contacts will close 5 seconds after the coil is de-energized
OFF Delay - NCTC
3. Start PB is pressed
4. Timer contacts open
5. Counter will start to
count only when coil is
de-energized.
OFF Delay - NOTO
1. Power is applied to
rails
2. Coil is off, contacts are
closed, lamp is on
OFF Delay - NOTO
3. Start is pressed.
4. Contacts close, lamp on
5. Counter only starts when
coil is de-energize