A

Seminar Presentation
On the Topic Of
Electronic Fuel Injection System
Guided By:Er. Gangasagar Singh
Mechanical Engineering
Department
Government Engineering
College, Banda

Submitted By:Om Pratap

Singh(1473440036)
Mechanical Engineering
(Third Year)
Government Engineering
College, Banda

What is Fuel
Injection?
Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion
engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an
injector.
All diesel engines use fuel injection by design. Petrol engines can
use gasoline direct injection, where the fuel is directly delivered
into the combustion chamber, or indirect injection where the fuel is
mixed with air before the intake stroke.
On petrol engines, fuel injection replaced carburettors from the
1980s onward. The primary difference between carburettors and
fuel injection is that fuel injection atomizes the fuel through a small
nozzle under high pressure, while a carburettor relies on suction
created by intake air accelerated through a Venturi tube to draw
the fuel into the airstream.

Basic Fuel Injection System

All modern petrol injection systems use indirect injection. A special
pump sends the fuel under pressure from the fuel tank to the engine
bay where, still under pressure, it is distributed individually to each
cylinder.
Depending on the particular system, the fuel is fired into either the
inlet manifold or the inlet port via an injector. This works much like
the spray nozzle of a hose, ensuring that the fuel comes out as a fine
mist. The fuel mixes with the air passing through the inlet manifold or
port and the fuel/air mixture enters the combustion chamber.
Some cars have multi-point fuel injection where each cylinder is fed
by its own injector. This is complex and can be expensive. It's more
common to have single-point injection where a single injector feeds
all the cylinders, or to have one injector to every two cylinders.

Types of fuel injection System

There are two types of Fuel Injection System
used in
modern Engines.
Mechanical Fuel Injection Systems
Electronic Fuel Injection Systems

Mechanical Fuel Injection

Systems

Mechanical Fuel Injection

Systems

Electronic Fuel Injection System

Electronic Fuel Injection System use engine sensors, a
computer, and solenoid operated fuel injectors to meter and
inject the right amount of fuel into the engine cylinders.
These systems called electronic fuel injection (EFI) use
electrical and electronic devices to monitor and control
engine-operation.
An electronic control unit (ECU) or the computer receives
electrical signals in the from of current or voltage from
various sensors. It uses the stored data to operate the
injectors, ignition system and other engine related devices.

Electronic Fuel Injection System

Components Of EFI System

Injectors

Fuel Pump

Fuel Pressure Regulator

Engine control unit

Wiring Harness

Various Sensors (Some of the sensors required are

listed here.)

Crank/Cam Position: Hall effect sensor

Airflow: MAF sensor, sometimes this is inferred

with a MAP sensor

Exhaust Gas Oxygen: oxygen sensor, EGO

sensor, UEGO sensor

Injectors
The injectors through which the fuel is sprayed are screwed,
nozzle-first, into either the inlet manifold or the cylinder head
and are angled so that the spray of fuel is fired towards the
inlet valve.
The injectors are one of two types, depending on the injection
system. The first system uses continuous injection where the
fuel is squirted into the inlet port all the time the engine is
running. The injector simply acts as a spray nozzle to break up
the fuel into a fine spray - it doesn't actually control the fuel
flow. The amount of fuel sprayed is increased or decreased by
a mechanical or electrical control unit - in other words, it is
just like turning a tap on and off.
The other popular system is timed injection (pulsed injection)
where the fuel is delivered in bursts to coincide with the

Types of fuel
injector
Two main types of injector can be fitted, depending on
whether the injection system is mechanically or
electronically controlled.
In a mechanical system, the injector is spring-loaded into
the closed position and is opened by fuel pressure.
The injector in an electronic system is also held closed
by a spring, but is opened by an electromagnet built into
the injector body. The electronic control unit determines
how long the injector stays open.

Mechanical
Injector

Fuel

Electronic
Injector

Fuel

Electronic Fuel Injector

Various Sensors
Typical sensors for an electronic fuel injection system includes
the following:
Exhaust gas or oxygen sensor:- senses the amount of oxygen

in the engine exhaust and calculates air fuel ratio. Sensor

output voltage changes in proportion to air fuel ratio.
Engine temperature sensor :- senses the temperature of the

engine coolant, and from this data the computer adjusts the
mixture strength to rich side for cold starting.
Air flow sensor :- monitors mass or volume of air flowing into

the intake manifold for adjusting the quantity of fuel.

Various Sensors
Air inlet temperature sensor :- checks the temperature

of the ambient air entering the engine for fine-tuning

the mixture strength.
Throttle position sensor :- senses the movement of the

throttle plate so that the mixture flow can be adjusted

for engine speed and acceleration.
Manifold pressure sensor :- monitors vacuum in the

engine intake manifold so that the mixture strength

can be adjusted with changes in engine load.

Various Sensors
Camshaft position sensor : senses rotation of engine

camshaft/crankshaft for speed and timing of injection.

Knock sensor : microphone type sensor that detects

ping or resignation noise so that the ignition timing can

be retarded

Working Of
System
an

EFI

electronic system is controlled by a complex

microprocessor control unit (sometimes called an
electronic control unit or ECU), which is basically a
miniature computer.
This computer is fed with information from sensors
mounted on the engine. These measure factors such
as the air pressure and temperature in the air intake,
the engine temperature, accelerator position and
engine speed. All this information allows an electronic
system to meter the fuel far more accurately than the
simple mechanical system, which relies on sensing the
airflow alone.

Working Of EFI System

The computer compares the input signals from the sensors

with information already programmed into it at the factory,

and works out exactly how much fuel should be delivered to
the engine. It then signals the on-off valveing the injector to
open and squirt fuel into the inlet port. All this happens in a
fraction of a second, the control unit responding instantly to
changes in accelerator position, temperature and air
pressure.
Electronic fuel injection system has a cold start injector too.

This is an extra injector that sprays fuel into the centre of the
engine intake manifold, when the engine is cold. It serves the
same purpose as the carburettor choke. The cold start
injector ensures easy engine start-up in very cold weather.

Advantage Of EFI
System
Uniform Air/Fuel Mixture Distribution
Excellent fuel Economy With Improved Emissions

Control
High Accurate Air/Fuel Ratio throughout all engine
operating conditions
Superior throttle response and power
Improved cold engine
Start ability and operation
Simple mechanics, reduced adjustment sensitivity.