ANODIC PROTECTION

RIDZWAN AQIL BIN RASIDI

50249113721
MUHAMMAD TAUFIQ IZZUDDIN BIN ABDUL AZIZ

WHAT IS ANODIC PROTECTION

Anodic protection is a technique to control the corrosion of a
metal surface by making it the anode of an electrochemical cell
and controlling the electrode potential in a zone where the metal
is passive.
This application will reduce the rate of hydrogen evolution.
Potentiostat is require to shift corrosion potential into passive
potential so that the corrosion of the metal is stopped.
The potential range depends upon the relationship between the
metal and the environment.

MECHANISM
Anodic protection is based on the formation of protection film by external
applied anodic current.
Anodic protection current is applied to Ni, Fe, Cr, Ti, and their alloys they are
passivated and the rate of metal dissolution is decrease.
During the initial stage, the current increases indicating the dissolution of the
metal.
When the current reach the critical point, passivisation occur for example the
oxide layers set in suitable oxidizing environment. The potential at the critical
point is called passivating potential.
Above this passivating potential, the current flows decreases to a very small
value call passivating current.

1) WORKING ELECTRODE
- Where potential is controlled and also where the current is measured
- Serves as a surface on which electrochemical reaction take place
- Eg: Gold, Platinum
2) AUXILIARY ELECTRODE
-

Also known as counter electrode

Act as a conductor
Current flows from working electrode leaves the solution via auxiliary electrode
Eg: Platinum, graphite

3) REFERENCE ELECTRODE
- Used to measure the potential of working electrode without current passing
through it
- If oxidation occurs at the working electrode, reduction using the same
magnitude
of current is sustained at the auxiliary electrode, hence no current flow exist
between the working electrode and reference electrode, so the potential
changes at working electrode can be measured accurately
- Eg: Silver, silver chloride

POTENTIOSTAT
An electronic device which
maintains a metal at a
constant potential with
respect to a reference
electrode orcontrols the
voltage difference between
a working electrode and a
reference electrode
Needed for anodically
protect the
structure/metal

OPERATIONS
In operation, the potentiostat maintains a constant potential between the
tank and the reference electrode by injecting the current into the cell through
auxiliary electrode, the optimum potential for protection is determined by
electrochemical measurements
Carbon steel in concentrated sulphuric acid exhibits solution potential in the
active corrosion zone
An external sources of direct current moves the solution potential from the
active corrosion zone into the passivation zone where corrosion rates are an
order of magnitude lower

ADVANTAGES

Can decrease corrosion rate substantially

The primary advantages of anodic protection are its applicability
in extremely corrosive environment and its low current
requirement
Has been most extensively applied to protect equipment used to
store and handle sulphuric acid

DISADVANTAGES

Failure of electrical supply may be hazardous because of

depassivation
The requirement of electrical current makes it useless for
protection in organic liquid environment
Also for component which are not continuously immersed

APPLICATION OF ANODIC
PROTECTION

Applicable in extremely corrosive environments.

Low current requirement.
Acid coolers in dilute sulphuric acid plants.
Storage tanks for sulphuric tanks.
Chromium in contact with hydrofluoric acid

COMPARISON BETWEEN ANODIC

PROTECTION AND CAHODIC
PROTECTION

Anodic protection

Cathodic protection

Applicable to only those metals which show

active passive behaviour.

Applicable to all metal.

More aggressive corrodents can be handled. Used where there is no source of power by
employing sacrificial anodes.
Operating cost are lower although
installation costs are high.

Lower installation cost.

Feasibility can be predicted in laboratory

and the design is easier.

Standard and well established method.

Thank you