CATHODIC PROTECTION

Presenter :
Muhammad Hisam Bin Fakhrurazi
50249113633
Mohammad Ikram Bin Mohammad Radzi
50249113839

WHAT IS CATHODIC PROTECTION ?

Cathodic protection is a method for reducing the
corrosion rate of metal.

PRINCIPLE OF CATHODIC PROTECTION

Electrochemical reactions occurring are the dissolution of the metal and the evolution of hydrogen gas for example:
M + M^n+ + ne
In acidic water, where hydrogen ions (H+ ) are plentiful, the following reaction occurs.
2H+ + 2e > H2
The addition of electrons to the stucture will tend to suppress metal dissolution and increase the rate of hydrogen.
If current considered to flow from (+) to (-), as in conventional theory, then a structure is protected if current enters it
from the electrolyte.

CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM

Serves as a backup to the corrosion coating system. If the corrosion coating system begins to fail, the cathodic
protection system should take over the job of corrosion protection in the area of failure.

Disbonding area

This is an example of pipeline used an Impressed Current method.

METHODS OF CATHODIC PROTECTION

1. Galvanic/Sacrificial Anode
To understand the action of sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection it is necessary to have in mind the galvanic
series of metals.
The galvanic series for a few selected metals in sea.
When the tendency for metal to go into solution as metal ions increases (leaving an excess of electrons on the metal
surface), the metal becomes more electronegative. Eg :
M > M+ + e
Electrons are supplied to the steel pipe, via the electrical connection, and a corresponding amount of anode material
goes into solution as metal ions, according to the laws of electrolysis.
Some anode material is lost by self-corrosion, and the anodes are not converted to electrical energy with 100%
efficiency.
Zinc, aluminium and magnesium area the metals commonly used for sacrificial cathodic protection.

GALVANIC/SACRIFICIAL ANODE

TYPE OF METAL
When choosing a type of metal that is going to be the anode in your galvanic cathodic protection
system.
It needs to be more electrically negative than the type of metal to be protected.
The more electrically negative a metal is, the more active it becomes.
Types of metal :
Gold, Platinum, Silver, Copper, Nickel
More cathodic

Lead, Iron, Zinc, Aluminum, Magnesium

More anodic (active)

METHODS OF CATHODIC PROTECTION

2. Impressed Current
Rectifier as an electron source acted as supplier of electrons to the system.

Electrons

Negative ions

Positive ions

METHODS OF CATHODIC PROTECTION

Both system supply electrons to the structure.
The structure will become more negative and metal dissolution will be prevented.

PROBLEM ARISED DUE TO CATHODIC PROTECTION

1. Production of hydrogen ions
A side effect of improperly applied cathodic protection is the production of hydrogen ions, leading to its
absorption in the protected metal and subsequent hydrogen embrittlement of welds and materials with high
hardness.
2. Cathodic Disbonding
This is a process of disbondment of protective coatings from the protected structure (cathode) due to the
formation of hydrogen ions over the surface of the protected material (cathode).
3. Cathodic Shielding
Protective electric current from the cathodic protection system is blocked or shielded from reaching the
underlying metal by the highly resistive film backing.

SAFETY
1. Rectifier safety has recently become an industry concern for cathodic
protection technicians and personnel who are responsible for rectifier
operation, maintenance and repair.
2. While rectifiers are manufactured according to national electrical codes and
standards and inspected by authorities, the basic rectifier designs have not
changed significantly over the past 25 years in regards to safety.

APPLICATIONS

1. Pipelines
Pipelines are routinely protected
by a coating supplemented with
cathodic protection.
2. Marine
Marine Cathodic protection covers
many areas, jetties,harbors, offshore
structures.

3. Ships
Cathodic protection on ships
is often implemented by
galvanic anodes attached to
the hull, rather than using
Impressed current.

AN EXAMPLES AT THE SITES

THANK YOU
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