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M01-Pendahuluan- ASELULAR
VIRUS
All basic chemical & physiological functions are carried out inside
the cells.(movement, digestion,etc)
Structure of Virus
1. Capsid :
This shell is composed of protein organized in subunits known as
capsomers. Capsomere proteins may be identical or different.They
are closely associated with the nucleic acid and reflect its
configuration, either a rod-shaped helix or a polygon-shaped phere.
2. Genetic Material : Nucleic acid Either RNA or DNA, not both
Nucleocapsid = Capsid + Genetic Material
3. Additionally some viruses have an Envelope (consists of proteins,
glycoproteins, and host lipids). Derived from host membranes.
capsomers)
Type of genetic material
Presence or absence of envelope
Type of disease produced
Target cell
Immunological properties
Infection Stages :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Differences between
bacteriophages
and viruses
Not all infections of animal
host cells result in
that
eukaryotic
cellsof
lysisinfect
of the cell
(as in the lytic cycle
bacteriophages).
In the case of enveloped animal viruses, the
3. Synthetic Phase:
Synthesis of viral proteins in cytoplasm
Replication of viral genome:
DNA viruses typically replicate in nucleus
RNA viruses replicate in cytoplasm
Assembly of progeny virus particles
http://faculty.southwest.tn.edu/rburkett/viruses_and_prio
ns.htm
1. Attachment or
adsorption:
Virus tail binds to receptors
on the cell surface.
2. Penetration:
Virus injects genetic material
(DNA) into cell. Tail releases
lysozyme, Capsid remains
outside.
3. Biosynthesis:
Viral proteins and nucleic acids
Are made.
Life Cycle of
Bacteriophages
4. Maturation:
Bacteriophage capsids and
DNA are assembled into
complete virions.
5. Release:
Bacteriophage virions are
Released from the cell.
Plasma membrane
breaks open and cell lyses.
Virophage
http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080806/full/454677a.html pkl. 21.05 tg 2sept 08.
Prions
infectious agents called PrP 27-30, composed exclusively
of a single sialoglycoprotein (27,000 - 30,000 daltons)
and is composed of 145 amino acids with glycosylation.
They contain no nucleic acid. This protein polymerizes
into rods possessing the ultrastructural and histochemical
characteristics of amyloid.
Amyloid is a generic term referring to any optically
homogenous, waxy, translucent glycoprotein; it is
deposited intercellularly and/or intracellularly in many
human diseases such as:
Alzheimer's disease , Kuru Leprosy etc.
http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/Lects/PRIONS.HTM
Cell
Integration (usually)
Transformation
24
Types of FLU
There are 3 types of flu viruses.
(1). Type A : the most virulent human pathogens and found
in many kinds of animals, including ducks, chickens,
pigs, and humans.
(2). Type B : almost exclusively infects humans & less
common than A.
(3). Type C has been infects humans, dogs and pigs,
sometimes causing both severe illness & local
epidemics. However, influenza C is less common &
usually only causes mild disease in children.
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/flu-viruses.htm
changes;
Influenza type B viruses change only by the more
gradual process of antigenic drift.
Antigenic Drift
Antigenic drift refers to small, gradual changes
Antigenic Shift
Antigenic shift refers to a major change to produce a
Influenza
Cold
Symptom onset
Abrupt
Gradual
Fever
Rare
Aches
Slight
Chills
Fairly common
Uncommon
Fatigue, weakness
Usual
Sometimes
Sneezing
Sometimes
Common
Stuffy nose
Sometimes
Common
Sore throat
Sometimes
Common
Chest discomfort,
cough
Common; can be
severe
Mild to moderate;
hacking cough
Headache
Common
Rare
http://www.flufacts.com/know/what-is.jsp