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Chapter 14 - Transformers
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Transformers
Mutual Inductance
L2
L1
k
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Mutual Inductance
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Transformers
Mutual Inductance
LM k L1 L2
1 2
LM
- Flux (W )
b
L2
L1
k
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Transformers
Basic Transformer
Transformer
1. Electrical device constructed of two or more
coils of wire (windings)
2. Electromagnetically coupled to each other
3. With a mutual inductance to transfer power from
one coil to the other coil
Schematic symbols indicate the type of core.
Air core
Ferrite core
Iron core
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Basic Transformer
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Transformers
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Turns ratio
N sec
N pri
n = turns ratio
Nsec = number of secondary windings
Npri = number of primary windings
* Based on the IEEE dictionary definition for electronics power transformers.
Transformers
Direction of windings
In phase
Out of phase
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V sec N sec
Vpri
Npri
N sec
V sec
Vpri
Npri
V sec nVpri
n = turns ratio
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?30 Vrms
Transformers
Isolation transformers
120 Vac
Transformers
Current
Ideally
Psec=VsecIsec
Transformers
Current
I pri
I sec
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Non-ideal transformers
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Power Ratings
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Transformer efficiency
eta
Vpri
120 Vrms
15 Vrms
RL
100
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Transformer efficiency
15
V
Pout
R
100 100% 94%
L
100%
100%
120 V 0.020 A
Pin
V pri I pri
VL 2
Vpri
120 Vrms
15 Vrms
RL
100
94%
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Example 2
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Secondary with
center-tap
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Transformer
7200 V
120 V
CT
Service
entrance
120 V
Building
120 V
120 V
240 V
Distribution
or breaker box
Earth
ground
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Tapped
Tappedand
andmultiple-winding
multiple-windingtransformers
transformers
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Three-phase transformers
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Three-phase transformers
Vpri
Three-phase
wye to delta
transformer
Vsec
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Delta to Wye
Delta to Delta
Wye to Delta
Wye to Wye
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Transformers
Quiz
2. A step-up transformer refers to one in which
a. the voltage across the secondary is higher than
the primary.
b. the current in secondary is higher than the
primary.
c. the power to the load is higher than deleivered to
the primary.
d. all of the above.
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Transformers
Quiz
3. An isolation transformer
a. blocks both ac and dc.
b. blocks ac but not dc.
c. blocks dc but not ac.
d. passes both ac and dc.
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Quiz
4. If the current in the secondary is higher than in the
primary, the transformer is a
a. a step-up transformer.
b. an isolation transformer.
c. a step-down transformer.
d. not enough information to tell.
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Transformers
Quiz
5. An ideal transformer has
a. no winding resistance.
b. no eddy current loss.
c. power out = power in.
d. all of the above.
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Transformers
Quiz
7. A transformer that can deliver more power to the load
than it receives from the source is a(n)
a. step-up type.
b. step-down type.
c. isolation type.
d. none of the above.
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Transformers
Quiz
10. A transformer that could be used for 110 V or 220 V
operation is a
a. multiple-winding type.
b. center-tapped type.
c. isolation type.
d. all of the above.
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