QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

MATH10
ALGEBRA

Quadratic Equations (Algebra and Trigonometry, Young 2nd Edition, page 113-135)

GENERAL
OBJECTIVE

Week 3
Day 3

At the end of the chapter the students are

expected to:
Solve quadratic equations using different
methods,
Solve equations in quadratic form,
Solve equations leading to quadratic equation,
and
Solve real-world problems that involve quadratic
equation.

TODAYS OBJECTIVE

Week 3
Day 3

At the end of the lesson the students are

expected to:
To distinguish between pure quadratic equation
and complete quadratic equation,
To determine the number and type of solutions or
roots of a quadratic equation based on the
discriminant,
To define complex numbers, and
To solve quadratic equations by factoring, square
root method, completing the square and quadratic
formula.

DEFINITI
ON

Week 3
Day 3

QUADRATIC
EQUATION
A quadratic equation in x is an equation that can
be written in the standard
form
2

ax bx c 0

where a, b, and c are real numbers and a 0 .

a represents the numerical coefficient of x2 ,
b represents the numerical coefficient of x,
and
c represents the constant numerical term.
Exampl
2
2x2 0
2
x
50 0
e:

2x2 7x 0

5x 2 3x 3 0

Week 3
Day 3
Pure Quadratic Equation
If b=0, then the quadratic equation is
termed a "pure" quadratic equation.
Example:
3x2 +6=0
Complete Quadratic Equation
If the equation contains both an x and x2
term, then it is a "complete" quadratic
equation.
The numerical coefficient c may or may
not be zero in a complete quadratic
equation.
2

DEFINITION

Week 3
Day 3

DISCRIMINANT OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION

The term inside the radical, b2 -4ac, is called the
discriminant.
2
ax
c 0
The discriminant gives important bx
information
about
the corresponding solutions or roots of
where a, b, and c are real numbers and a 0 .
b2

Solutions or Roots

-4ac
Positive
Two distinct real roots
One real root (a double or repeated root)
Zero
Negative Two complex roots(complex conjugates)

Week 3
Day 3

EXAMPLE

Determine the nature of roots of the following

quadratic equation.
1. x 2 4 x 5 0
2. x 2 2 x 5 0
3. 4 x 12 x 9 0
2

4. 9 x 2 12 x 4 0
5. x 2 6 x 3 0

Week 3
Day 3

DEFINITION
COMPLEX
NUMBER

a
bi
A complex number is an expression of the
form
where a and b are real numbersi and
1 i2 1
a is the real part and b is the imaginary part .

EXAMPLE

Real Part

Imaginary
Part

3 4i

1 2
i
2 3

1
2

6i

-7

-7

2
3

SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

There are four algebraic methods of solving
quadratic equation
in one variable, namely:
solution by factoring
solution by square root method
solution by completing the square
solution by quadratic formula

Week 3
Day 3

SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY

FACTORING

Week 3
Day 3

The Factoring Method applies the Zero Product

Property which states that if the product of two or more
factors equals zero, then at least one of the factors
equals zero.
Thus if BC=0, then B=0 or C=0 or both.
STEPS:
1. Write the equation in standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
2. Factor the left side completely.
3. Apply the Zero Product Property to find the solution
set.

Week 3
Day 3

EXAMPLE
Solve the following
equations.

Classroom
ex.1.3.1 2
1.
x 12x 35 0
pp.114
2.

Classroomex.1.3.2 2
3t 10t 6 2
pp.115

3.

Classroomex.1.3.3 2
5y 12y
pp.95

6.x(2x 5) 3
7. (4x 1)(3x 1) 13
2
8. 4 x 3
x

4.

#13
9p2 12p 4
pp.124

#16
5.
16v2 25 0
page124

Week 3
SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY SQUARE ROOT
Day 3
ETHOD
The Square Root Property states that if an expression
squared is equal to a constant , then the expression is
equal to the positive or negative square root of the
constant.
Thus, if x 2 P, then x P .

NOTE:
1. Thevariable
squared
mustbeisolated
first( coefficien
t equalto1)
2. If P 0isarealnumber
, theequationx2 P
hasreal2distinct
realsolutions
; x P andx P
2. If P 0, theequationx2 P hasadouble
rootof zero

3. If P 0, theequationx2 Phasexactly
twoimaginary
solutions

Week 3
Day 3

EXAMPLE
Solve the following
equations.
1.

2.

Classroom ex.1.3.4
2x 2 32 0
pp.116

Classroomex.1.3.5 2
5a 10 0
pp.117

4.

#30
(4x-1)2 16
pp.124

#16
5.
16v2 25 0
page124

Classroomex.1.3.6
3.
(x- 3)2 25
pp.117

6. 2 y 2 4y 7 2
2

7. 2m 5 m 3
fromCollege
Algebra
byExconde,
MarquezandSabino
exercise5.4numbers
9and10page112
2

SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY

COMPLETING THE SQUARE
STEPS:

Week 3
Day 3

1.Express
thequadratic
equation
inthefollowing
form
x2 bx c

2.Dividebby2andsquaretheresult,thenaddthe
squaretobothsides.
b
x bx
2
2

b
c
2

SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY

COMPLETING THE SQUARE

Week 3
Day 3

3.Writetheleftsideof theequation
asaperfectsquare
b
x
2

b
c
2

4.Solveusingthesquarerootmethod.

EXAMPLE
Solve the following
equations.

Week 3
Day 3

Example
#7 2
1.
x 8x 3 0
pp.118

#55 x2
1
3.
2x
pp.124 2
4

Example
#2 2
2.
3x 12x 13 0
pp.119

#56 t2 2t 5
4.
0
pp.124 3 3 6

Whatnumber
should
beaddedtocomplete
thesquareof eachexpression
.
5.

#41
2
x2 x
page124
5

#41
6.
x212x
page124

Week 3
SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY
Day 3
QUADRATIC FORMULA
THE QUADRATIC FORMULA
The roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c
are constants and a 0 are given by:

b b 2 4ac
x
2a
Note: Thequadratic
equation
mustbeinstandard
form
ax2 bx c 0 inordertoidentifytheparameters
a,b,c.

DERIVATION OF QUADRATIC FORMULA BY

COMPLETING THE SQUARE
ax2 bx c 0
Consider the most general quadratic equation:
olve by completing the square:
WORDS

MATH

b c
1. Divide the equation
x2 x 0
a a
by the leading
coefficient
a.
c
2. Subtract
from both sides. x2 b x c
a
a

3. Subtract halfbof
a
and add
2
b

2
a

the result

sides.
4..both
Write
the left

to

side of
the equation as a
perfect square and the
right side as a single

b
b
x2 x

a 2a
x b

2
a

b
c

2
a
a

b2 4ac

4a2

DERIVATION OF QUADRATIC FORMULA BY

COMPLETING THE SQUARE
WORDS

5. Solve using the square

root method.
b
6. Subtract
2a

from

MATH

b
b2 4ac
x
2a
4a2

both sides

b
b2 4ac
x
2a
2a

and simplify the

radical.
7. Write as a single
fraction.

b b2 4ac
x
2a

8. We have derived the

quadratic formula.

EXAMPLE
Solve the following equations using the
quadratic formula.
1.

YourTurn 2
x 2 2x
pp.121

2.

Week 3
Day 3

Example #11
4x 2 4 x 1 0
pp.121

SUMMARY

Week 3
Day 3

The four methods for solving quadratic

equations are:
3. completing the square
1. factoring
2. square root method

4. quadratic formula

Factoring and the square root method are the

quickest and easiest but cannot always be
used.
Quadratic formula and completing the square work for all
quadratic equations and can yield three types of solutions:
1. two distinct real roots
2.one real root (repeated)
3.or two complex roots (conjugates of each other)

Week 4
Day 1

EQUATIONS IN QUADRATIC
FORM
(OTHER TYPES)

CLASSWORK

Week 4
Day 1

Solve each quadratic equation using any method.

#87
2 2 4
1
1.
t t
page 125 3
3
5
#89
12
2.
x 7
page 125
x
#91
4 x - 2 3
-3
3.
page 125
x 3 x
x x - 3
#93
4.
x 2 0.1x 0.12
page 125

TODAYS OBJECTIVE

Week 4
Day 1

At the end of the lesson the students are

expected to:
To find the sum and product of roots of a quadratic
equation.
To find the quadratic equation given the roots.
To transform a difficult equation into a simpler linear
or quadratic equation,
To recognize the need to check solutions when the
transformation process may produce extraneous
solutions,
To solve radical equations.

RECALL

Week 4
Day 1

The four methods for solving quadratic

equations are:
3. completing the square
1. factoring
2. square root method

4. quadratic formula

Factoring and the square root method are the

quickest and easiest but cannot always be
used.
Quadratic formula and completing the square work for all
quadratic equations and can yield three types of solutions:
1. two distinct real roots
2.one real root (repeated)
3.or two complex roots (conjugates of each other)

SUM AND PRODUCT OF ROOTS Week 4

Day 1
Recall from the quadratic formula that when

ax2 bx c 0

b b2 4ac
x
2a

Let the roots be r and s

b b 2 4ac
r

2a
b b 2 4ac
s
2a

SUM OF ROOTS

Sum of roots = r + s
b b 2 4ac b b 2 4ac
rs

2a
2a
b b 2 4ac b b 2 4ac

2a
2b
rs
2a
b
rs
a

Week 4
Day 1

PRODUCT OF ROOTS
Product of roots = (r) (s)
b b 2 4ac b b 2 4ac
(r)( s )
*
2a
2a
(b)

b 4ac

4a 2
b 2 b 2 4ac
(r )(s)
4a 2
c
(r) (s)
a
2

Week 4
Day 1

EXAMPLE

Week 4
Day 1

rmine the value of k that satisfies the given condition

1. kx 2 5x 4 0; sum of roots is 20.
2. (3k 2)x 2 2x k - 1 0; product of roots is - 1.
3. 2k 1 x 2 - 10x k 2 5k 6 0; one of the roots is 0.
4. 2k - 1 x 2 k - 5 x - 6 0;

the roots numericall y equal but with

opposite signs

Week 4
FINDING THE QUADRATIC EQUATION GIVEN
Day 1
THE ROOTS
Let the roots be r and s, the quadratic equation is
x - r x s 0

xample: Find the quadratic equations with the given roots.

1.

3
1
and
4
2

2. 5 2 and 7 2
3. 1 2i and 1 2i

RADICAL EQUATIONS

Week 4
Day 1

Radical Equations are equations in which

the variable is
inside a radical (that is square root, cube
root, or higher
root).

x 3 2,

2x 3 x,

x 2 7x 2 6

RADICAL EQUATIONS

Week 4
Day 1

Steps in solving radical equations:

1. Isolate the term with a radical on one side.
2. Raise both (entire)sides of the equation to the power
that will eliminate this radical and simplify the
equation.
3. If a radical remains, repeat steps 1 and 2.
4. Solve the resulting linear or quadratic equation.
5.
Check
the both
solutions
eliminate
anyare
extraneous
Note:
When
sidesand
of the
equations
squared
solutions.
extraneous solutions can arise , thus checking is
part of the solution.

Week 4
Day 1

EXAMPLE
Solve the following
equations.

Example
1
1.
pp.128

x- 3 2

4.

Example
3
pp.129

x 2 7x 2 6

Classroomex.1.4.1 a. 2- x 3
2.

pp.128
b. 2- x 3
YourTurn
3.
pp.128

2x 6 x 3

#29
6.
2 x x
page133

#28
5.
x 5 1 x 2
page133
7.

#24
2x2 8x 1 x 3
page133

Week 4
Day 1

CATCH THE MISTAKE

#83
8.
Explain th e mistake that is made.
page 134
Solve the equation

3t 1 4

Solution :

3t 1 16
3t 15
t 5

This is incorrect. What mistake was made?

SUMMARY

b b 2 4ac
r

2a

Week 4
Day 1

Let the roots be r and s

b b 2 4ac
s
2a

Sum of roots :
r s

b
a

Product of roots :
(r) (s)

c
a

Steps in solving radical equations:

1. Isolate the term with a radical on one side.
2. Raise both (entire)sides of the equation to the
power that will eliminate this radical and simplify
the equation.
3. If a radical remains, repeat steps 1 and 2.
4. Solve the resulting linear or quadratic equation.
5. Check the solutions and eliminate any
extraneous solutions.

TODAYS OBJECTIVE

Week 4
Day 2

At the end of the lesson the students are

expected to:
To solve equations that are quadratic in form,
To realize that not all polynomial equations are
factorable.
To solve equations that are factorable.

Week 4
EQUATIONS QUADRATIC IN FORM: uDay 2
SUBSTITUTION
Equations that are higher order or that have fractional
powers often can be transformed into quadratic equation
by introducing a u-substitution, thus the equation is in
quadratic form.
Example:
Original
Equation

x4 3x2 4 0
2
1
t3 2t3 1 0

Substitution

New Equation

u x2

u 3u 4 0

1
t3

u2 2u 1 0

Week 4
EQUATIONS QUADRATIC IN FORM: uDay 2
SUBSTITUTION
Steps in solving equations quadratic in form:
1. Identify the substitution.
2. Transform the equation into a quadratic equation.
3. Apply the substitution to rewrite the solution in terms
the original variable.
4. Solve the resulting equation.
5. Check the solution in the original equation.

Week 4
Day 2

EXAMPLE
Solve the following
equations.

Example
4 -2 1
1.
x x 12 0
pp.131

Classroomex.1.4.4
2x 1 2 10 2x 1 1 9 0
2.
pp.131
2

Classroomex.1.4.5 5
3.
z 8z5 16 0
pp.131
8

Classroomex.1.4.5 3 3 3
4.
2x x x 0
pp.132

Week 4
Day 2

FACTORABLE
EQUATIONS
EQUATIONS WITH RATIONAL
EXPONENTS BY FACTORING
7

Example
#6 3
x 3x3 4x3 0
page132

#71
2
2
y 5y 6y 2 0
page132

POLYNOMIAL EQUATION USING FACTORING BY

GROUPING
ClassroomEx.1.4.7 3
6x 12x2 2x 4 0
page132

#66
v v 3 3 40 v 3 2 0
page133

SUMMARY

Week 4
Day 2
Radical equations, equations quadratic in form, and
factorable equations can often be solved by
transforming them into simpler linear or quadratic
equations.
Radical Equations: Isolate the term containing a
radical and raise
it to the appropriate power that will eliminate the
radical. If there
is more than one radical, it does not matter which
radical is isolated first. Raising radical equations to
Equations quadratic in form: Identify the upowers may cause extraneous solutions, so check
substitution
that transforms the equation into a
each
solutions.
quadratic equation. Solve the quadratic equation and
then remember to transform back to the original
Factorable
equations: Look for a factor common to
equation.
all terms or factor by grouping.

APPLICATION PROBLEMS

Start

Week 4 Day 3

RECALL

Read and analyze

the problem
Make a diagram or
sketch if possible

Solve the equation

Determine the
unknown quantity.

Check the solution

Set up an equation,
assign variables to
represent what you
are asked to find.

no

Did you set up

the equation?

no
yes

Is the unknown
solved?

yes
End

APPLICATION PROBLEMS

Week 4 Day 3

1. If a person drops a water balloon off the rooftop

of an 81 foot building, the height of the water
balloon is
by the equation
h given
16t2 81
where t is in seconds. When will the water balloon
hit the ground?
(Classroom example 1.3.12 page 122)

2. You have a rectangular box in which you can

place a 7 foot long fishing rod perfectly on the
diagonal. If the length of the box is 6 feet, how
wide is that box?
(Classroom example 1.3.13 page 123)

3. A base ball diamond is a square. The distance

from base to base is 90 feet. What is the distance
from the home plate to the second base?

Week 4 Day 3
4. Lindsay and Kimmie, working together, can balance the
financials for the Kappa Kappa Gama sorority in 6days.
Lindsay by herself can complete the job in 5days less
than Kimmie. How long will it take Lindsay to complete
the job by herself? (# 113 page 125)
5.A rectangular piece of cardboard whose length is twice
its width is used to construct an open box. Cutting a I foot
by 1 foot square off of each corner and folding up the
edges will yield an open box. If the desired volume is 12
cubic feet, what are the dimensions of the original piece
of cardboard? (# 110 page 125)
6.Aspeed boat takes 1 hour longer to go 24 miles up a
river than to return. If the boat cruises at 10mph in still
water, what is the rate of the current? (#140 page 126)

Week 4 Day 3
7. Cost for health insurance with a private policy is given
by
C 10 a
where C is the cost per day and a is the insureds age
in years. Health insurance for a six year old, a=6, is $4
a day (or $1,460 per year). At what age would someone
be paying $9 a day (or $3,285 per year).
(#73
134)
8.
The page
period
(T) of a pendulum is related to the length (L)
of the pendulum and acceleration due to gravity (g) by
L
2
T 2formula

32
ft
/
s
the
g
. If the gravity is
and the period is 1
second find the
approximate length of the pendulum. Round to the
nearest inch.
(#80 page 134)

Week 4 Day 3

HOMEWORK
8,31,44,53,56,66, 68,72,83,84,102, 104,106,114, 118,142
page124-127
#s 28, 50,72 page
133