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References
3GPP TS23401
3GPP TS23402
P accesses
S)
Objectives
Contents
1. EPS Overview
2. Key Concepts
3. Signaling & Protocols
Contents
1. EPS Overview
1.1 EPS Architecture
1.2 Services in EPS
GS
M/
GP
RS
UMTS:
R99/R4/
R5/R6/R
7
LTE/SA
E:
R8/R9/
R10
Mobility Management
Authentication
Bearer management
Lawful interception of signaling traffic
Lawful interception
traffic
(server) functions
Contents
1. EPS Overview
1.1 EPS Architecture
1.2 Services in EPS
MME
ICP/ISP
internet
eNodeB
S-GW
P-GW
Signaling
Data
MGCF
3
CSCF
IMS-MGW
4
MME
SS7
2
MSC
eNodeB
S-GW
P-GW
EPC
PLMN
HPLMN
SGSN
HSS
PCRF
GERAN
Iu
S3
S4
S6a
Gx
Rx
S12
UTRAN
S11
S1-C
MME
S8
SGi
S1-U
E-UTRUAN
S-GW
PDN-GW
Operators
IP Service
SGSN
Iu
S3
UTRAN
HPLMN
HSS
S4
S6a
S12
Operators
IP Service
V-PCRF
Gx
MME
S5
SGi Operators
IP Service
S1-U
E-UTRUAN
Rx
S9
S11
S1-C
H-PCRF
S-GW
PDN-GW
SGSN
HSS
Iu
S4
S6a
S12
S9
V-PCRF
Rx
S11
S1-C
H-PCRF
Operators
IP Service
S3
UTRAN
HPLMN
Gx
MME
S5
SGi Operators
IP Service
S1-U
E-UTRUAN
S-GW
PDN-GW
Contents
1. EPS Overview
2. Key Concepts
3. Signaling & Protocols
Contents
2. Key Concepts
2.1 Mobility Management & Session Management
2.2 Security
2.3 Quality of Service (QoS)
2.4 Policy & Charging Control
2.5 Selection Functions
Contents
2. Key Concepts
2.1 Mobility Management & Session Management
The PDN connectivity service
IP Address & Allocation
EPS Bearer
Mobility Principles
Identifiers and corresponding legacy IDs
PDN Connections
IP address for
UE
PDN
Number of
PDN
Connection
192.168.1.100
internet
192.168.1.101
192.168.1.102
Internet
IMS
PDN Connections
PDN GW
PDN # 2
IMS
PDN GW
Evolved Packet
Core
PDN # 3
Corporate
Network
PDN GW
PDN Connections
PDN
the destination network which UE accesses
IP address(es) IPv4/IPv6/dual stack addresses that
allocated to the UE
PDN GW
the anchor point which provide service for
UE to the selected PDN
APN
defined in the UE/PDN GW to identity the
destination PDN
IPv4
IPv6
IPv4/IPv6 dual stack
EPS Bearers
Bit rate
Delay
Bit error rate
etc
EPS Bearers
Default bearer
Dedicated bearer
Created on demand
PDN GW
iber.
Traffic Flow Template (TFT) is used in UE, serving GW and PDN G
W to identify bearers.
MME
SGW/PGW
EPS bearer ID:5
EPS bearer ID:6
EPS bearer ID is
created by MME and
Used by
MME/SGW/PGW/MS
TFT - Filters
Usage of TFT
TFT in UE
and PDN GW
IP Packet
Flow(VoIP)
IP Packet
TFT1, allows:
Destination IP= any
Protocol ID=6
Dest.Port =80
TFT2, allows:
Dest.IP= 212.50.31.226
Protocol ID=17
Dest.Port =5070
TFT Format
010
011
100
101
110
No TFT operation
PDN
Connection # m
IP address
APN
etc
Filter attribute
precedence
EPS Bearer # 1
TFT
Bearer ID
QoS parameter
etc
Filter # k
Filter attribute
precedence
EPS Bearer # n
TFT
Bearer ID
QoS parameter
etc
2G/3G
bear
PDP
EPS bearer id
NSAPI
PDP context
Dedicated bearer
activation
Linked NSAPI
TFT
same
Packet filter
same
Mobility Principle
Registration area
TA list
Mobility Principle
Pre-registration
Handover
S-TMSI
TAI=MCC+MNC+TAC
TA List 1
TA 1
CELL1
CELL2
TA List 2
TA 2
CELL3
CELL4
TA 3
CELL1
TA 5
CELL2
CELL3
TA 4
CELL3
CELL4
IMSI
MSISDN
GUTI=GUMMEI+M-TMSI
=MCC+MNC+MMEI+M-TMSI
Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
CELL4
MME1
MME IP address
MME2
Service related
An APN example:
4GNET.MNC012.MCC462.GPRS
Contents
2. Key Concepts
2.1 Mobility Management & Session Management
2.2 Security
2.3 Quality of Service (QoS)
2.4 Policy & Charging Control
2.5 Selection Functions
Security Function
2G
3G
EPC
Authentication
Singledirectional
authentication
bi-directional
authenticatio
n
bi-directional
authentication
Security vectors
Triplet (RAND,
SRES, and Kc)
Quintet
(RAND, XRES,
CK, IK, and
AUTN)
Integrity
protection
No
Yes
Yes
SIM
compatibility
N/A
Yes
Compatible to USIM
Layered
security
architecture
No
No
Authentication Vector
Expected Response
Key for calculate other keys
Keys in EPS
Authentication Procedure
MME
HSS
MME
Contents
2. Key Concepts
2.1 Mobility Management & Session Management
2.2 Security
2.3 Quality of Service (QoS)
2.4 Policy & Charging Control
2.5 Selection Functions
The EPS only covers QoS requirements for the traffic within
the EPS, that is, between UE and PDN GW
Non-EPS
QoS
EPS QoS
UE
eNB
Servin
g GW
PDN
GW
SLA
Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
interne
t
Traffic flow and bearer is associated and mapped with TFT and TFT associate with RBId in Radio side and with TEID in CN side.
It is UE to associate UL Traffic and TFT and is PGW to associate DL Traffic and TFT.
QCI + ARP
QCI ARP
MBR
APNAMBR
UEAMBR
GBR
Priority
Delay
ARP
Bearer
GBR
Non-GBR
MBR
AMBR
Loss
GBR
Subscribed QoS
Pre-EPS
EPS
Standardized QCI
Packe
Resourc
t
Priorit
QCI
e
Delay
y
Type
Budge
t
Packet
Error
Loss
Rate
100ms
10-2
150ms
10-3
50ms
10-3
300ms
10-6
100ms
10-6
300ms
10-6
100ms
10-3
300ms
10-6
GBR
Non-GBR
Example Services
Conversational Voice
Conversational Video (Live
Streaming)
Real Time Gaming
Non-Conversational Video (Buffered
Streaming)
IMS Signalling
Video (Buffered Streaming)
TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat,
ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive
video, etc.)
Voice,
Video (Live Streaming)
Interactive Gaming
Video (Buffered Streaming)
TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat,
ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive
video, etc.)
Standardized QCI
GBR Bearer
Non-GBR Bearer
QoS
QoS
AMBR
QCI [1,4]
QCI [5,9]
GBR bearers
Non-GBR bearers
defines the total bit rate that is allowed to be used for all non-GB
R bearers associated with a specific APN.
Enforced by PDN GW
per subscriber and defines the total bit rate allowed to be consu
med for all non-GBR bearers of a UE.
Enforced by eNodeB
Contents
2. Key Concepts
2.1 Mobility Management & Session Management
2.2 Security
2.3 Quality of Service (QoS)
2.4 Policy & Charging Control
2.5 Selection Functions
Introduction to PCC
Description of PCC
Architecture of PCC
Function of PCRF
Gating
QoS Control
QoS control allows the PCRF to provide the PCEF with the auth
orized QoS for the IP flow(s), like bit rate and QoS class.
The PCEF performs bit rate enforcement to ensure that a certai
n service session does not exceed its authorized QoS.
Function of PCRF
Charging method
Charging characteristic
Online/Offline
Flat rate/hot-billing/normal
Flow ID (cbbid)
Contents
2. Key Concepts
2.1 Mobility Management & Session Management
2.2 Security
2.3 Quality of Service (QoS)
2.4 Policy & Charging Control
2.5 Selection Functions
MME Selection
S-GW Selection
P-GW Selection
Contents
1. EPS Overview
2. Key Concepts
3. Signaling & Protocols
Contents
3. Signaling & Protocols
3.1 Protocols & Interfaces
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
Function of GTP
Mobility management:
RAU/TAU/etc.
Tunnel management
create/modify/delete
Service specific functions MBMS/CS fallback
System maintenance
path management/error
handling/etc.
eNodeB
S-GW
S-GW
In EPS only
eNodeB
PLMN 1
S11
S5
S10
S11
eNodeB
S-GW
MME
P-GW
S8
eNodeB
PLMN 2
Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
P-GW
In EPS only
In EPS only
S1-U
PLMN 1
eNodeB
S5
S1-U
eNodeB
S-GW
P-GW
S1-U
MME
S8
eNodeB
PLMN 2
Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
P-GW
Contents
3. Signaling & Protocols
3.1 Protocols & Interfaces
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
Contents
3. Signaling & Protocols
3.1 Protocols & Interfaces
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
Diameter Protocol
Diameter Protocol
Diameter AVPs
Diameter-based Interfaces
MME
S6a
HSS
SGSN
S6d
Diameter-based Interfaces
PCRF
Gxc
S-GW
Gx
P-GW
Diameter
protocol
applicatio
n
Diameter
protocol
applicatio
n
Diameter
base
protocol
Diameter
base
protocol
TCP
TCP
IP
IP
L2/L1
L2/L1
PGW/SGW
Gx/Gxc
PCRF
Contents
3. Signaling & Protocols
3.1 Protocols & Interfaces
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
S1-MME
MME
Contents
3. Signaling & Protocols
3.1 Protocols & Interfaces
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
SGi Interface
AAA Server
SGi
P-GW
Internet
Intranet
Contents
3. Signaling & Protocols
3.2 Procedures
3.2.1 Overview
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.2.7
Subscriber state
EMM-DEREGISTERED
EMM-REGISTERED
ECM-IDLE
ECM-CONNECTED
EMM State
EMM state in UE
ECM State
ECM state in UE
EPS
ESM
UE state 2G
3G
Power off
IDLE
PMMEMMdetached Deregistered
Standby
Standb
y
PMM-idle
EMMRegistered
ECM-IDLE
Ready
PMMconnecte
d
EMMRegistered
ECM-Connected
PS
service
ECM-IDLE
MME
HSS
EPS bearer
context
Subscription
information
EPS bearer
Subscription
context
ICP/ISP
internet
MM context
EPS bearer
context
S-GW
EPS bearer
context
P-GW
EPS bearer
context
Signaling
Data
Attach
Detach
Service Request
S1 Release
Handover(based on X2
interface)
UE requested PDN
disconnection
Handover(based on S1
interface)
Copyright Security
2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
3. Signaling & Protocols
3.2 Procedures
3.2.1 Overview
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
Attach Procedure
Attach Procedure
eNodeB
New MME
Old MME
HSS
S-GW
P-GW
1. Attach request
2. Identification req/rsp
3. Identity req/rsp
4. Security function
5. Update location request
6. Cancel location /Ack
7. Update location Ack
8. Create session request
9. Create session request
11. Create session response
Attach Procedure
eNodeB
New MME
Old MME
HSS
S-GW
P-GW
Detach Procedure
Explicit detach
Implicit detach
MME
S-GW
P-GW
1. Detach request
2. Delete session request
3. Delete session response
4. Delete session request
5. Delete session response
6. Detach accept
7. Signaling connection release
S1-Release Procedure
Before S1-release
MME
eNodeB
After S1-release
S-GW
P-GW
S-GW
P-GW
MME
eNodeB
S1-Release Procedure
eNodeB
MME
S-GW
S1-release
1. By eNodeB when UE_Inactive_Timer expires (60s by default)
2. By eNodeB OAM command
3. By MME OAM command
Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
HSS
eNodeB
MME
S-GW
1. Downlink data
P-GW
Contents
3. Signaling & Protocols
3.2 Procedures
3.2.1 Overview
3.2.2 Attach and Detach for E-UTRAN
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
Handover procedure
Bearer related procedures
TAU Procedure
S-GW2
S-GW1
MME2
MME1
TA list 1
TA list 2
Periodic TAU
MME3
TA list 3
TA list 4
New MME
Old MME
HSS
S-GW
P-GW
1. TAU request
2. Context request
3. Context response
4. Security function
5. Context Ack
6. Modify bearer request
7. Modify bearer request
8. Modify bearer response
9. Modify bearer response
New MME
Old MME
HSS
S-GW
P-GW
New MME
Old MME
P-GW
1. TAU request
2. Context request
3. Context response
4. Security function
5. Context Ack
6. Create Session request
7. Modify bearer request
8. Modify bearer response
9. Create Session response
New MME
Old MME
P-GW
Contents
3. Signaling & Protocols
3.2 Procedures
3.2.1 Overview
3.2.2 Attach and Detach for E-UTRAN
3.2.3 Tracking Area Update (TAU)
3.2.4
Handover procedure
3.2.5
Handover procedure
X2-based Handover
S-eNodeB
T-eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
Handover Preparation
Forwarding data
Handover
Execution
Downlink data
Uplink data
Handover Completion
S1-based Handover
S1-based handover
S1-based Handover
PGW
Before handover
S-SGW
T-SGW
T-MME
S-MME
signaling
Data packet
T-ENB
S-ENB
PGW
S1-based Handover
Create uplink tu
nnel
T-SGW
S-SGW
4. Create Session
Request / response
T-MME
S-MME
3. Forward
Relocation
Request
2. Handover
Required
5. Handover
Request/ACK
signaling
T-ENB
S-ENB
1. Decision to trigger a
relocation via S1
S1-based Handover
Create forwar
ding tunnel
PGW
S-SGW
T-SGW
8. Create Indirect
Data Forwarding Tunnel
Request/response
6. Create Indirect
Data Forwarding Tunnel
Request/response
T-MME
S-MME
7. Forward
Relocation
Response
signaling
T-ENB
9. Handover
Command
S-ENB
S1-based Handover
PGW
Data transfer
T-SGW
T-MME
S-SGW
S-MME
signaling
User data path
data path for
forwarding
S-ENB
T-ENB
11. Handover
Confirm
Detach
from old
cell
PGW
S1-based Handover
Create downli
nk tunnel
T-SGW
14/16. Modify
Bearer
Request/
Response
T-MME
12. Handover
notify
S-SGW
S-MME
13. Forward
Relocation
Complete
Notification /
Acknowledge
signaling
User data path
S-ENB
T-ENB
Perform TAU
Procedure
Contents
3. Signaling & Protocols
3.2 Procedures
3.2.1 Overview
3.2.2 Attach and Detach for E-UTRAN
3.2.3 Tracking Area Update (TAU)
3.2.4 Handover procedure
3.2.5
eNodeB
P-GW
S-GW
Dedicated
bearer
Default
bearer
Dedicated
bearer
Default
bearer
eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
PCRF or PCEF initiate IPCAN session modification
eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
Function
MME
S-GW
P-GW
when one or several of the EPS Bearer QoS parameters QCI, GBR,
MBR or ARP are modified
E-RAB modify
S1 bearer
modify
Dedicated
bearer
eNodeB
S5/S8 bearer
modify
Dedicated
bearer
S-GW
P-GW
Case A:
1 MS download FTP files
2 After finishing FTP service, MS initiates streaming
service with the same QCI&ARP before the dedicated
bearer age , So P-GW Initiated Bearer Modification With
QoS Update
Copyright 2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Case B:
PCRF operation
Dedicated
bearer
eNodeB
S5/S8 bearer
modify
S-GW
P-GW
MME
S-GW
P-GW
PCRF or PCEF initiate IPCAN session modification
MME
S-GW
P-GW
7. Direct Transfer
8. Session management response
9. Update bearer response
10. Update bearer response
MME
S-GW
P-GW
E-RAB
release
P-GW
S-GW
Dedicated
bearer
eNodeB
Dedicated
bearer
Dedicated
bearer
Dedicated
bearer
Default
bearer
FTP
server
E-RAB
release
S1/S5/S8 Bear is
deactivation
Dedicated
bearer
Dedicated
bearer
eNodeB
Dedicated
bearer
De
be lete
ar
er all
S-GW
Dedicated
bearer
P-GW
Default
bearer
OAM
Trigger condition
eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
Trigger condition
When the eNodeB sends the Bearer Release Request (EPS Bea
rer Identity) to the MME.
MME Initiated Bearer Deactivation via OAM
eNodeB
MME
S-GW
Dedicated Bearer
Activation
Dedicated Bearer
Deactivation
PGW Bearer:
QCI=1,ARP=1,MBR=100k,GBR=100k
MME
S-GW
P-GW
MME
S-GW
P-GW
MME
S-GW
P-GW
Summary
Thank you
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