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Communication Patterns
Intercultural Business Communication
Lillian Chaney Jeanette Martin
Topics
expressions
Interpersonal
Touch
Eye
contact
Smell
and
Silence
distance
Deductive Reasoning
Going from broad categories or observations to specific examples
The type of logic where general statements or premises are used to form specific
conclusions
Example
Premise | All apples are fruit
Premise | A Granny Smith is an apple
Conclusion | Therefore a Granny Smith is a fruit
Inductive Reasoning
Start with facts or observations and go to broad generalisations. Pace and speed
at which problems are solved or decisions are made can be an issue (if you are from
an alternative culture). Japanese culture consensus vs. western model quick decision
making
Inductive reasoning is not a rigorous form of logic. Imperfections can exist and
inaccurate conclusions can occur.
Example
All observed houses on the South Street are falling apart. Sherry lives on South Street.
Her house is falling apart.
All brown dogs in the park are small dogs. Therefore, all small dogs are brown.
John is an excellent swimmer. John's family has a swimming pool. John's sister Mary
must also be an excellent swimmer.
Chinese languages focus on images and writing in contrast to the sound-focused English
language in which each letter has a particular sound.
Areas associated with vision and movement might be more useful in accessing the rules for
solving a math problem for Chinese speakers, whereas areas linked to language processing
and verbal information might be more involved for English speakers solution of the same
problem.
Chinese and Americans should arrive at the same conclusion that 2 + 2 = 4, the internal paths
they navigate to get there seem to be quite different.
https://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/observer/2011/may-june-11/the-mind-in-the-world-culture-and-the-brain.html
Australia
Low power distance (equality)
Look others in the eye
Direct communication where yes
means yes and no means no
exception is the Aboriginal culture
Japan
High power distance (equality)
Young people do not look elders in
the eye
Indirect communication and yes can
mean no
Rate of speech,
pitch, tone
Volume, vocal
variety and
intensity, accents
Vocal
characterisation
crying
laughing monotone
Body language
Incorporates
How we move
Facial expressions
Gestures
Suppressed
communication
Eye movements
Emotion
Gestures
Clapping
Western Applauding
Pointing
Smiling
How
Polychronic
Arab nations, Sub-Sahara Africa
Typically represented by high-context cultures Latin America, Southern Europe and the
Middle East
Polychronic
Meetings run on time, only the persons needed at the meeting will be in
attendance, largely uncommon to be interrupted
Relaxed meeting time you need the cultural context for correct meeting
time. Meetings can start with social chit chat, can be interrupted
Meetings can be scheduled ahead of time but you should call on the
day to make sure it is still going ahead
Example
In the U.S.
Latin America
People begin to mutter if you are 50 minutes late but you only
apologise if you are a whole hour late!
Proxemics relationship to space and how this may vary between business,
social and friendship groups
Oculesics the frequency and amount of eye contact expected in the culture
Haptics
Dont touch
cultures
Middle ground
cultures
Touch cultures
Japan
Australia
Latin American
France
England
China
Italy
Scandinavia
Ireland
Greece
Other N. European
India
countries
countries
Russian Federation
Assumptions in communication
When interacting and communicating with people of different cultures nonverbal communication may differ and the interpretation and responses to
these non-verbal communications may further impact communication and
relations between people
Assignment 2
1.
2.
Each person must be from a different country and try to ensure some
gender diversity
3.
4.
Group
Your