LAB#04

Exp.03: Rubber in Shear Apparatus

Engr. Muhammad Bilal

Objectives
Measure the shear deformation of the block.
To determine the variations of deflection with applied
load.
To investigate the relationship between shear stress
and shear strain.
Determination of Modulus of Rigidity and Poisson
Ratio.

Introduction
Rubber blocks in shear force are often used on
engine and in equipment mounting to isolate
vibrations. They do this by absorbing shock energy by
deforming. This deformation leads to a decrease in
cross-section as the block lengthens, an effect
described by Poisson's Ratio.

Introduction
Shear Stress and Strain

Introduction
The force F acting at angle theta with respect to
the horizontal , the force resolved to its
component ( perpendicular and parallel to the
surface area).
The perpendicular component will produce an
Axial Stress
The parallel component will effect the rod by
producing a Shear Stress.
The units of both Axial and Shear Stress will
normally be lb/in2 or N/m2

Introduction
Shear Strain
The shear stress produces a displacement of the rod
which produces a shear strain.
The edge of the rod is
displaced a horizontal distance, from its initial position
,this displacement (or horizontal deformation) divided by
the length of the rod L is equal to the Shear Strain.

Introduction

Introduction
Tan = = / L
Where :
is the deformation
shear strain
L original length
The shear strain is dimensionless.

Shear Modulus (Modulus of Rigidity)

The modulus of rigidity ( shear modulus) (denoted by G
or sometimes S or ,) is concerned with the deformation
of a solid when it experiences a force parallel to one of its
surfaces while its opposite face experiences an opposing
force (such as friction).
Shear modulus is usually measured in GPa or ksi
(thousands of pounds per square in).

Shear Modulus (Modulus of Rigidity)

Its defined as the ratio of shear stress to the shear
strain:

where
F is the force which acts
A is the area on which the force acts
x is the transverse displacement
I is the initial length

Poisson's ratio
Poisson's ratio is the ratio of transverse contraction
strain to longitudinal extension strain in the direction of
stretching force. Tensile deformation is considered
positive and compressive deformation is considered
negative.
n = (3K - 2G)/(6K + 2G)
E = 2G( 1 + n)
E = 3K(1 - 2 n)

Equipment

A rubber block 150 x 75 x 25mm is bonded to two

aluminum alloy plates.
plates is pined to wall.
There is a weight hanger (which have the load).
a dial gauge to indicate the deformations in rubber block.
loads used to apply forces.

Procedure
1. At first, adjust the dial gauge to zero reading. To avoid Zero
error.
2. Put a weights, start from 10 N to 120 N, in 10 N increments.
3. After each 10 N write down the reading of the dial gauge (which
represent the deformation of the rubber block), until the travel of
the gauge is exceeded.
4. Record the reading in table.
5. Plot the results, and calculate the Modulus of Rigidity G.

Results
Load
(N)

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110

Dial Gauge
(mm)

Deflection
(mm)

Observations and Calculations:

Graph:

%age Error:

Comments and Recommendations:

Errors founded and may be affected on a results in the
experiment due to many
reasons listed below:
1. Zero error: If the dial gauges reading isnt zero at zero load.
2. Human error: if the experimenter red the dial gauge and
calculate incorrectly.
3. Environmental error: environment affects in rubber block
properties, which mean that the reading of dial gauge which
represent the deflection in rubber block depends on the
temperature of the lab.
It is recommended to make sure that there is no zero error, and
do this experiment on other materials, and take in your account
the environmental conditions