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HYPOTHERMIA

First-Aid Care
Be gentle.
Move the person out of the cold.
Remove wet clothing. Cut away clothing if necessary to
avoid excessive movement.
Cover the person with blankets.Cover the person's
head, leaving only the face exposed.
Insulate the person's body from the cold ground.
Monitor breathing. Severe hypothermia may appear
unconscious, with no apparent signs of a pulse or
breathing begin CPR immediately if you're trained.

First-Aid Care
Share body heat.
Provide warm beverages.If the affected
person is alert and able to swallow.
Use warm, dry compresses.
Don't apply direct heat.

Medical Treatment
Blood rewarming.A common method of warming blood is the
use of a hemodialysis machine, which is normally used to filter
blood in people with poor kidney function. Heart bypass machines
also may need to be used.
Warm intravenous fluids.A warmed intravenous solution of salt
water may be injected into a vein to help warm the blood.
Airway rewarming.The use of humidified oxygen administered
with a mask or nasal tube can warm the airways and help raise
the temperature of the body.
Irrigation.A warm saltwater solution may be used to warm
certain areas of the body, such as the area around the lungs
(pleura) or the abdominal cavity (peritoneal cavity).

Acute Mountain
Sickness

Management of AMS :
1. No further ascent until symptoms resolve
2. Descend to a lower altitude if no improvement
occurs with medical therapy
3. At the first sign of HACE, descend immediately

 Early diagnosis is important.

The main treatment for all forms of mountain sickness is
to climb down (descend) to a lower altitude as rapidly
and safely as possible.
Extra oxygen should be given.
Portable hyperbaric chambers made of coated fabric
(eg, Gamow bag, CERTEC, PAC) are now widely available
among adventure travel groups on expeditions and in
high-altitude clinics.

 Acetazolamide
125 mg po q 12 hours
It has been shown to accelerate acclimatization
Acetazolamide is a respiratory stimulant at altitude, and
improves oxygenation.

Dexamethasone

4 mg po/IM q 6 hours x 2 doses.

it treats the pathology, but this is controversial

dexamethasone is at least equivalent to the Gamow Bag
in efficacy of treating moderate AMS

Click icon to add picture

A fully inflated Gamow

Bag in use

High Altitude
Cerebral Edema

 The need for descent is of utmost urgency.

DO NOT DELAY DESCENT!
Dexamethasone 8 mg IM STAT then 4 mg
IM/po q 6 hours.
Simulated descent in a portable hyperbaric
chamber can produce dramatic
improvements.
Oxygen, if available, can be lifesaving and
should be used at 4 l/m for 4-6 hours