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PATTERNS
INTRODUCTION
The wax pattern is a precursor of the finished
cast restoration that will be placed on the
prepared tooth.
Careful handling and manipulation of the wax
pattern is required to obtain an accurate casting
DIE
It is the positive reproduction of the form of a
prepared tooth in any suitable substance
DEFINITIVE CAST
A replica of the tooth surfaces, residual ridge areas,
and/or other parts of the dental arch and/or facial
structures used to fabricate a dental restoration or
prosthesis
REQUIREMENTS OF A
DIE
Reproduce the preparation exactly
All surfaces should be adequately duplicated
Avoid voids in the margins
Adequate access to margin is imperative
Adequately rigid
DIE MATERIALS
Type IV (high strength) dental stone.
Type V (high strength and expansion)
dental stone
Resin strengthened gypsum products
Resin dies epoxy, polyurethane
Electroplated dies
Flexible die materials
SELECTION CRITERIA
Dimensionally accurate cast strong and
resistant to abrasion
Easy to section and trim
Compatible with separating agent
Accurate surface detail reproduction
Contrasting colour
Easily wettable by wax
Type of restoration needs to be considered
DIE MATERIALS
DIE SYSTEMS
1. REMOVABLE DIES
2. SOLID CAST WITH
INDIVIDUAL DIE
3. ALTERNATIVE DIE
SYSTEMS
REMOVABLE DIES
Advantages
Simple to fabricate a cast and die
Maintains fixed and immovable relationship between
the abutments
Easier to obtain physiologically harmonious restoration
contours when fabricating wax pattern.
Disadvantages
Wax pattern should be transferred from one to the
other.
Can be used only with elastomeric impressions
REQUIREMENTS OF
REMOVABLE DIE SYSTEM
Dies must return to their exact original positions.
Dies must remain stable, even inverted.
Cast containing the dies must be easy to mount
on an articulator.
METHODS OF
REPOSITIONING DIE
PREPOUR TECHNIQUE
Devices are oriented into the impression before
pouring the stone
DOWEL PIN
A metal pin used in stone casts to
remove die sections and replace them
accurately in the original position
ADVANTAGES
Simple
Minimal trimming of definitive cast
Gingival tissue guide when contouring
restoration
DISADVANTAGES
Difficult to transfer complex wax patterns
Seating pattern on definitive cast 2nd pour larger
Only be used with elastomeric materials
Impression
removed
from mouth
Washed
under
running
water
Blow dried,
inspected
Disinfected
POST POUR
TECHNIQUE
SECTIONING
REMOVABLE DIES
Trim buccal and lingual sulcal areas
adjacent to removable areas
Mark intended saw cuts in pencil
Saw cuts parallel or converge
Avoid undercuts
Carefully position saw blade
Not touch prepared tooth margin or
proximal contact
0.007 to 0.01
DIE PREPARATION
DIE SPACER
Applied to die to increase cement space between
METAL
INCREASED
THERMAL
AND
POLYMERISA
TION
SHRINKAGE
REMOVAL
SOLID
CAST WITH
INDIVIDUA
L DIES
FROM
FITTING
SURFACE
INCREAS
ING
LUTING
SPACE
INCREASED
EXPANSION
OF
INVESTME
NT MOLD
INTERNAL
LAYER OF
SOFT WAX
IN WAX
PATTERN
DIE
SPACERS
MARKING MARGINS
Precise marking of preparation margin is crucial
Color used for marking should contrast wax
Ordinary lead pencil not recommended
Marked margin can be coated with
minimal
ALTERNATIVE DIE
SYSTEMS
DVA
MODEL
SYSTEM
PINDEX
SYSTEM
DI-LOK
SYSTEM
ACCUTRA
C
(VENEER
S)
DIVESTM
ENT
TECHNIQ
UE
ZEISER
SYSTEM
PINDEX SYSTEM
Post-pour technique is used
Reverse drill press is used to
create a master cast
The machine accurately drills
parallel holes from the under
side of the trimmed cast
Dual pin, tri plus pin
DI LOK TECHNIQUE
A snap-apart plastic segmented trays with
internal orienting grooves and notches is used
Impression is poured;
di-lok tray filled
Cast trimmed to horse
shoe configuration
Tray filled with second
mix and cast seated
Die stone set- locking
and curved arms of the
tray are removed
Saw cuts made 3/4ths
through stone; resulting
die is trimmed
Cast and die
reassembled in tray;
mounted on articulator
ACCUTRAC
Used in laminate
veneers
Removable die system
Modification of a plastic
tray with internal
orientation grooves and
notches
DIVESTMENT
TECHNIQUE
Disadvantages
Master cast may not articulate with the opposing cast properly
(because of high setting expansion).
Seating the cast for interocclusal records can be a problem.
Needs another cast and die for finishing and polishing purposes
because the die is destroyed while casting.
DIESTONE+INVESTMEN
T
DIVESTMENT
Box in the
impression on
the tray carrier
for pin
paralleling
Z
E
I
S
E
R
S
Y
S
T
E
M
DIE SYSTEMS
WAX
PATTERNS
WAX PATTERN
A wax form that is the positive likeness
of an object to be fabricated
METHODS OF FABRICATING A
WAX PATTERN
DIRECT
TECHNIQ
UE
INDIRECT
TECHNIQ
UE
Pattern is waxed on a
stone cast made from an
accurate impression of the
prepared tooth
Most popular method
ADVANTAGES OF
INDIRECT TECHNIQUE
Less chair-side time
Better visualization of the restoration
Ready access to waxing margins
INLAY WAX
Inlay casting wax is used for all wax patterns.
TYPE I
WAX
TYPE II
WAX
REQUIREMENTS OF
GOOD INLAY WAX
1. Flow readily when heated, without
chipping , flaking or loosing its smoothness
2. When cooled, it must be rigid
3. It must be capable of being carved precisely
without chipping, distorting or smearing.
4. Wax should be of some colour that will
contrast with and easily
distinguishable from the stone die
WAX PATTERN
FABRICATION
ARMAMENTARIUM
PKT Waxing instruments( No.1,2,3,4,5)
Wax spatula
No.2 pencil
Laboratory knife
Bunsen burner
Inlay casting wax
Die lubricant
Electric heating instruments(precise
temperature control)
P
K
T
#1,2: Wax addition
instruments
#3 : Burnisher for
refining
occlusal
anatomy
#4,5: Wax carvers
I
N
S
T
R
U
M
E
N
T
S
INTERN
AL
SURFAC
E
WAX PATTERN
REMOVAL AND
EVALUATION
PROXIM
AL
SURFAC
ES
AXIAL
SURFAC
ES
OCCLUS
AL
SURFAC
ES
MARGI
N
FINISHI
NG
P
O
S
T
E
R
I
O
R
T
E
E
T
H
W
A
X
I
N
G
INTERNAL SURFACE
Die lubricant
Flow wax onto die from well heated large waxing
instrument
Initial layer wax is fully molten; wax memory
distortion
Sufficient wax coping without breakage
Proximal areas extra bulk grip and prevent
distortion
WAX PATTERN
REMOVAL
PROXIMAL SURFACES
Flat or slightly concave from
contact area to CEJ
Overcontouring periodontal
problems
Undercontouring flossing
ineffective
CONTACT AREAS
Posterior contact areas occlusal third
Maxillary 1st and 2nd molar middle
third
Contact between mandibular teeth and
AXIAL SURFACES
Location of height of contour is particularly important
Gingival third; mandibular molars in middle third
Emergence profile: tooth surface gingival to its height
of contour immediately adjacent to gingival soft tissues
Flat or concave
Periodontal disease- axial contour modified to improve
access for plaque removal
OCCLUSAL SURFACES
Nonfunctional cusps overlap vertically and
horizontally
Point contact between opposing teeth
Sequential wax addition technique
CONE PLACEMENT
CUSPAL RIDGES
SUPERIMPOSED
CONES, CUSPAL&TRIANGULAR
SECONDARY AND MARGINAL RIDGES
RIDGES
CUSP-MARGINAL RIDGE
ARRANGEMENT
Functional cusp contacts opposing
occlusal surfaces on the marginal
ridges or fossa of the opposing teeth.
One-tooth to two-teeth arrangement.
Commonly used occlusal relationship.
CUSP-FOSSA
ARRANGEMENT
Functional cusp nestled into
occlusal fossa of opposing teeth
Tooth-tooth arrangement
Rarely used
Centric cusp contact occlusal
fossa of opposing tooth at three
points
Developed by waxing two opposing
quadrants simultaneously
Indications
Prevent Food impaction
Centric relation closure forces near long axes of
teeth
improved
Improved stability results from tripod contact for
each functional cusp
Cusp fossa
1. Location of occlusal
contact on opposing teeth
Tooth-to-tooth
Tooth-to-two-teeth
3. Advantages
4. Disadvantages
Food impaction,
displacement of teeth if
functional cusps wedge into
lingual embrasure
5. Application.
MARGINAL FINISHING
POLISHING OF WAX
PATTERN
ANTERIOR TEETH
Anatomic contour waxing metal ceramic
restorations
Lingual and incisal surfaces
- overall arch form and occlusal requirements
-concavity in lingual surfaces
- Maximum intercuspation anterior teeth
should be set just
out of contact
- Lingual surfaces non contacting
Labial surface
- Mesiolabial and distolabial line angles
WAXING CONNECTORS
Connectors that join separate
components created in wax just before
margins finalized
Whether cast or soldered; shaped in wax
for precise control
Optimal strength: connector large
Should not impinge and 1mm above crest
of interproximal soft tissue
Esthetic areas: connectors should be
hidden behind ceramic veneer; lingual
placement
REFERENCES
Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics
3rd edition Shillingburg
Contemporary fixed prosthodontics
4th edition Rosentiel Land Fujimoto
Tylmans theory and practice of fixed
prosthodontics
Phillips Science of Dental Materials