Urbanization

Kaushik Mehta
Urban Planning Legislation and Management
Master of Habitat Management, CEPT University
Monsoon Semester 2016
FM 205

Urbanization Process

Urbanization is the process by which there is an increase in the

proportion of people living in urban area.

Urbanization occurs because people move from rural areas

(countryside) to urban areas (town and cities)

Amongst the first countries to become urbanized were Great Britain

and some European countries
Their urbanization was relatively slow, allowing governments time to
plan and provide for the needs of increasing urban populations.

Urban Population Percentage:

Comparision
Hong Kong

urban population: 100% of total population (2010)

rate of urbanization: 0.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Qatar

urban population: 96% of total population (2010)

rate of urbanization: 1.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

India

urban population: 30% of total population (2010)

rate of urbanization: 2.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Kuwait

urban population: 98% of total population (2010)

rate of urbanization: 2.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Israel

urban population: 92% of total population (2010)

rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Sri Lanka

urban population: 14% of total population (2010)

rate of urbanization: 1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
3

Importance of Study of Urbanization

Econimic
Demographic
Political
Social and Cultural

Component of Urban Growth

Four main component of urban

growth are

Natural Increase
Migration
Boundary Change
Declassification

Definition of Urban Area

All places with a municipality, corporation,

cantonment board or notified town area

committee, etc. These towns are known as
Statutory Towns.
All other places which satisfied the following

criteria:
A minimum population of 5,000;
At least 75 per cent of the male working

population engaged in non-agricultural

pursuits; and
A density of population of at least 400 per

sq. km.

Urban Agglomerations
Urban Agglomerations (UAs):

An Urban Agglomeration forms a continuous

urban spread and normally consists of a town

and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs), or
two or more physically contiguous towns
together with or without outgrowths of such
towns . An UA must consist of at least a
statutory town and its total population (i.e. all
the constituents put together) shouldnt be less
than 20,000 as per 2001 Census.

Out Growths (OGs)

Areas around a core city or town, such

well recognized places as, Railway

colony, university campus, port area,
etc., lying outside the limit of town, is
termed as Out Growths.

Procedure for Identifying Urban Areas

Prior to Census an elaborate exercise is

undertaken to identify Urban Areas

Updated list of villages and towns prepared after

incorporating the jurisdictional changes that

have taken place after 2001 Census and up to
31st December 2009
Identification of Census Towns carried out by

applying the urban criteria to all villages

including Census Towns and Out Growths of
Census 2001
The Census Towns are not declassified if they fail

to meet the criteria on the basis of Census 2011.

Growth of Cities & Towns in India during 2001 to 2011

Class

Growth of Cities & Towns

(during 2001 &Popul
2011
Census)
% of
Popul % of

Class I

Definition
(Population)

Census 2001

Census 2011

Decade Growth
Rate
2001-2011

No. of
Towns

No. of

No. of
Towns

Popul
ation

ation

Urb
an
Pop
ulati
on

Towns

ation

Urban
Popul
ation

> 1 lakh

394

196.3

68.
7

468

264.9

70.2

18.8

34.9

Below Mn+

1 to 10 lakh

359

88.0

30.8

415

104.2

27.6

15.6

18.4

Million Plus
cities

>10 lakh

35

108.3

37.9

53

160.7

42.6

51.4

48.4

Mega Cities

> 1 crore

42.5

14.9

48.8

12.9

0.0

14.8

Class II

50k to 100k

496

27.8

9.7

605

41.3

11.0

22.0

48.7

Class III

20k to 50k

1388

35.2

12.2

1905

58.2

15.4

37.2

65.5

Class IV

10k to20k

1561

19.5

6.8

2233

31.9

8.5

43.0

63.8

Class V

5k to 10k

1041

6.7

2.4

2187

15.9

4.2

110.1

138.
7

Class VI

<5k

234

0.7

0.2

498

2.0

0.5

112.8

180.
1

Of which

Of which

Data Highlights Census 2011

Growth in Population:
The Growth in Urban population is significantly
higher at 31.8% than in Rural population
(12.18%) during 2001-11
Growth in Rural Population in India is steadily
declining since 1991
Growth in Female population is higher than in
Male population both in Rural and Urban areas
during the last decade.

Population by Rural Urban

Residence - India
Persons:
Total :

1,210,193,422

Rural:

833,087,662

Urban: 377,105,760
Rural Urban Distribution Persons
(in %):
Total :

100.0 %

Rural:

68.8 %

Urban: 31.2 %
12

Source: Census 2011 Provisional Population Totals - India

Population and Decadal Variation - India

1901-2011
Census
Year

Population
(in mn)
Rural

Urban

Variation
over past
decade
(in %)
Rural

Urban

1901

212.54

25.85

1921

223.23

28.09

-1.29

8.26

1931

245.51

33.46

9.98

19.12

1951

298.64

62.44

8.8

41.4

1961

360.30

78.94 20.64

26.41

1971

439.05

109.11 21.86

38.23

1981

523.87

159.46 19.32

46.14

1991

628.86

217.57 20.04

36.44

2001

742.62

286.12 18.09

31.51

2011

833.09

377.11 12.18

31.80

50

40

30

20

10

-10

Total

Rural

Urban

Urban Population by Major States in India

2011 (in mn)

Bihar; 11.73
Kerala; 15.93

Punjab; 10.39

Nct of Delhi# ; 16.33

Rajasthan; 17.08

Maharashtra; 50.83
Uttar Pradesh; 44.47

Madhya Pradesh; 20.06

Karnataka; 23.58
Gujarat; 25.71
Andhra Pradesh; 28.35

Tamil Nadu; 34.95

West Bengal; 29.13

Proportion of Urban
Population India/States

1901

Jammu & Kashmir

Himachal
Pradesh
Punjab Chandigarh
Uttarakhand
Haryana
NCT of Delhi

Arunachal
Pradesh

Sikkim
Rajasthan

Uttar Pradesh

Assam
Bihar
Jharkhand

Gujarat

Madhya Pradesh

Manipur
Tripura
W est
Bengal

Chhattisgarh
Daman & Diu

Orissa

Dadra & Nagar Haveli

Maharashtra

Andhra Pradesh
P
% OF URBAN POPULATION
10.00 AND BELOW

Goa

Karnataka
P

P
Tamil Nadu
P
Kerala

P - Puducherry

Nagaland

Meghalaya

10.01-20.00
20.01-30.00
30.01-40.00
40.01-50.00
50.01 AND ABOVE
DATA NOT AVAILABLE

Mizoram

Gujarat Urbanisation
Urban Population is 25.7 million in 2011
Gujarat with 42.5 per cent urban population, is

(India 31% in 2011) one of the most urbanized

state in India
Gujarat State has a balanced settlement pattern
348 cities and towns in 2011, up from 242 in 2001

(Census Towns)
Of these

170 are classified as Urban Local Bodies

(ULBs)
Municipal Corporations
Municipalities

- 162
Source : Census 2011

Gujarat Urbanisation
National Urban Population

31.06

State Urban Population

0

42.58
5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Gujarat Urban Population

57%

43%

Source : Census
2011

Urban Local Bodies in Gujarat

Municipal Corporations

Thank