Solar System

Solar System
Solar system consists of Sun, 8
Planets, approximately 90 Satellites,
Asteroids, and Comets
They all wander in the same direction
(anti-clockwise) around the Sun at
right angle to Suns axis (Orbit)
Consequences of the Suns gravity

Sun

Sun

is the star at the

centre of our solar
system
is responsible for the
Earths climate and
weather.
The Sun is an almost
perfect sphere with a
difference of just 10km
in diameter between
the poles and the
equator.

The average radius of

the Sun is 695,508 km
(109.2 x that of the
Earth) of which 20
25% is the core.

Sun Profile
Age:
Type:
Diameter:
Equatorial
Circumference
Mass:

4.6 Billion Years

Yellow Dwarf (G2V)
1,392,684 km
4,370,005.6 km

1.99 10^30 kg
(333,060 Earths)
Surface Temperature: 5,500 C

Quick Sun Facts

At
its
centre
the
Sun
reaches
temperatures of 15 million C.
The Sun is all colours mixed together, and
appears white to our eyes.
Mostly composed of hydrogen (70%) and
Helium (28%).
The Sun is 109 times wider than the Earth
and 330,000 times as massive.
The Sun contains 99.86% of the mass in
the Solar System.

The Structure Of The Sun

Core

This is the centre of the sun and has an

extremely high surface temperature.
The surface of the sun can reach up to 15 million
degrees C.
The core of the sun is where all of the
transferring happens.
The core transfers hydrogen into helium plus a
lot of energy that comes with that.
As the elements are being changed the sun is
releasing gamma rays. They burning hydrogen
creates this gamma rays.

Radiative Zone

This is the zone which emits radiation,

thus how it gets its name.
This radiation diffuses outwards with a
temperature ranging from 15 million
degrees Celsius to one million degrees
Celsius.
At this point it could take photons of
radiation millions of years to complete this
stage as they continue to go outwards

Convection Zone

At this stage the photons continue

outwards via convection's and continue
towards the outer layers of the sun where
the temperature starts to drop and the
pressure starts to release.
The temperature ranges from 15 million
degrees to 6000 degrees Celsius. pressure
starts
to
release.

Photosphere

This is the lower part of the atmosphere

for the sun.
This part is what we can see as it emits
visible light waves.
The photosphere is about 500Km thick and
reaches temperatures of about 5,500
degrees Celsius. '

Chromosphere

This reddish layer is an area of rising

temperatures. The temperature ranges from
6,000 Degrees Celsius to 50,000degrees
Celsius.
This layer is a few thousand kilometers thick.
It appears red because hydrogen atoms are
in an excite state and emit radiation near the
red
part
of
the
visible
spectrum.

Corona

This is the outer layer of the Sun's

atmosphere.
The corona extends for millions of
kilometers and the temperatures reach up
to one million degrees Celsius.

Sunspots

Sunspots

Sunspots occur where the sun's magnetic

field loops up out of the solar surface and
cool it slightly, making that section less
bright. These interferences in the sun's
magnetic field make the sunspot about
1500degrees
C
cooler
than
the
surrounding area.
They are relatively cool, dark patches on
the sun's surface and come in many
shapes and sizes; they often appear in
groups.

Solar Flares
A solar flare is a
magnetic storm on
the
Sun
which
appears to be a
very bright spot
and
a
gaseous
surface eruption.

Solar Flares

Solar flares release huge amounts of highenergy

particles
and
gases
and
are
tremendously hot.
They are ejected thousands of kilometres from
the
surface
of
the
Sun.
It has been recently discovered that solar flares
can cause sunquakes.
Sunquakes are violent seismic events on the
Sun. When a sunquake occurs, energy is
released in seismic waves from the surface of
the sun.

Planets

Planet (Greek) means wanderer

Inferior V.S. Superior Planets

Classified by nearer or farther to the

sun than Earth
Inferior Planets

Mercury
Venus

Superior Planets
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

Inferior V.S. Superior Planets

Inferior Planets /
inner Planets

Superior Planets /
Outer Planets

Asteroid Belt

Asteroid Belt

Made of rock and stone. Some are solid objects,

while others are orbiting rubble piles.
Contains billions and billions of asteroids.
Some asteroids in the Belt are quite large, but
most range in size down to pebbles.
The majority of asteroids are found in a region of
the solar system out beyond Mars and Jupiter.
It is approx. 2.2 and 3.2 astronomical units (AU)
from the Sun.

Inner V.S. Outer Solar System

Classified by nearer or farther to the

sun than the asteroid belt

Inner Solar System

Terrestrial Planet
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars

Outer Solar System

Gas Planets
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

Inner V.S. Outer Solar System

Inner Solar System

Outer Solar System

Sun
150 million kilometers far from Earth
333,400 times of Earths mass
Temperature in the core is 16 million
Kelvin
Energy is released 383,000 trillion
kilowatt per second

Mercury

Terrestrial planet
Closest to the Sun
Least orbit time
Smallest in size
No satellite
No atmosphere
Temperature varies
from -183 to 427 C

Mercury

Slightly larger than

Earths moon
Can be observed
before sunrise and
after sunset
3 days in mercury take
time equal to its 2
years
Mercury is only the
second hottest planet.

Venus

Terrestrial planet
Jewel of the sky
Morning star and Evening star
1 day of Venus takes 243 Earths days
1 year of Venus takes 228 Earths days
Surface temperature is 467 C consequences
of greenhouse effect
No satellite

Venus

Venus is the second brightest object in the

night sky after the Moon.
Named after the Roman goddess of love and
beauty, Venus is the second largest
terrestrial planet and is sometimes referred
to as the Earths sister planet due the their
similar size and mass.
The surface of the planet is obscured by an
opaque layer of clouds made up of sulphuric
acid.

Earth

Largest terrestrial planet

70% of surface area is water
Temperature and atmosphere composition
are suitable for life
Rotation period takes 23.9345 hours
Orbit period takes 365.25 days
1 moon

Earth

Moon
Brightest in the sky at night
Only one satellite of the Earth
Rotation period equal to orbit period
Apollo 11 brought the first human
landed on the moon (Neil Armstrong)

Mars
Terrestrial planet
Rotation period takes 24.5 hours
Average temperature is -55 C
The organism has never been found
No found of any organic substance
2 Mars satellites; Phobos and Deimos

Mars

Terrestrial planets

Terrestrial planets

Jupiter
The largest planet in solar system
The largest gas planet
Mass is 300 times of Earths mass
The core consists of solid rock and
30,000 C liquid hydrogen
Rotation period takes only 10 hours
Jupiters ring consist of dust and
small rock particles

Jupiters satellies
67 satellites were found
4 largest satellites discovered by
Galileo (Galileans satellites)

Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun
The second gas planet
Smaller than Jupiter only
Rotation period takes 10.6 hours
Wind speed on the equator is 1800
km/h
Possesses the most complex and
beautiful rings

Saturns rings
Consist of rocks and ices
Various in size and shape

Saturns satellites
Saturn possesses more than 30
satellites
Titan is the largest one

Uranus
Gas planet
The seventh planet in solar system
Discovered by William Herschel
The core consists of huge solid
surrounded by water and ammonia
Other layers consist of hydrogen,
helium, and methane

Uranus
Uranus possesses 6 rings
22 satellites
5 important satellites are Miranda,
Ariel, Titania, Umbriel, and Oberon

Miranda

Ariel

Umbriel

Titania

Neptune
Gas planet
Solid core
Mantle consists of water and ammonia
Possesses 4 rings and 8 satellites
Orbit period is 165 Earths years
Rotation period is only 16 hours

Neptune: Great dark spot

Great storm with 1200 km/h speed

Neptunes rings

Neptunes satellites

Triton is the largest satellite belongs

to Neptune

Gas planets

Pluto
Dwarf planet
Average distance from the sun is 40 AU
Charon

Pluto
Charon

Meteor
Small object in the space
Fall through the Earths atmosphere
Be burnt in the atmosphere