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Genus Retroviridae
Lentivirus, which literally means
slow virus
This virus attacks the immune system
History of HIV
History
of
HIV
The HIV virus first came to light during the
early 1980s.
A number of healthy gay men in New York
began to develop rare opportunistic
infections& cancers, that were resistant to
treatment.& cancers, that were resistant to
treatmen
One such viral opportunistic infection is
cytomegalovirus that causes blindness
&inflammation of the coloninflammation of
the colon
In The Beginning...
1675 - Speculation that HIV was
?
first
transmitted from
chimpanzees to
humans
1926-1946 - Scientists believe HIV
first
spread from monkeys to
humans
1959 - First proven AIDS death
1978 - Gay men in US and Sweden
begin showing signs of what
is now known as AIDS
Structure of
HIV
Reverse Transcriptase
Integrase
Protease
POL polyprotein is
cleaved to
Protease
Reverse transcriptase
Integrase
es.monocytes.
Life cycle of HIV
Replikasi
HIV
Antibodies
bind to
virus
Tcells
Viru
s
Antibodies
kill virus
HIV
T-cells cannot
produce antibodies
Cannot destroy virus
Sel T CD4+
Antibodi
Envelope HIV adalah target utama respon imun
humoral,
T-Cell Count
If 1,200 or higher, the individual has a
normal immune system.
If 800 or less, the immune system is
weakened and individual is susceptible to
infection.
If 200 or less, AIDS is diagnosed.
Once a person is diagnosed with AIDS, she
or he is always categorized as having
AIDS, even if her or his T-cell count
increases.
200
or less,
or
One opportunistic infection.
An opportunistic infection is an
infection
that typically does not affect
individuals with
normal immune systems.
Transmission
HIV is transmitted from person to person in
severalHIV is transmitted from person to person
in severalways:ways:
Through unprotected sex with an infected
personThrough unprotected sex with an infected
person
Exposure to infected bloodExposure to infected
blood
By the use of contaminated equipment for
injectionsBy the use of contaminated equipment
for injections(by drug users or medical
treatment in developing(by drug users or
medical treatment in
developingcountries)countries)
From an infected mother to her baby before
orFrom an infected mother to her baby before
orduring birth, or by breast feedingduring birth,
or by breast feedin
Diagnosis of HIV
Occupational Exposure
Pregnant women presenting in labor with no previous HIV testing
Patients who are unlikely to return for results of HIV test