BIOFISIKA NEURON

(Biophysics of Neuron)

H Aqsa Sjuhada
Building DR-G
Dept of Physiology, Airlangga University
Tel. (031) 71200 999
E-mail. draqsas@yahoo.ca

BODY LIQUID
Total : 60%
Intracellular: 40%
Extracell: 20% (kecuali cair
serebrospinal, cairan sendi, cairan
saliva)
- cairan interstitial 15%
- cairan plasma 5%
- cairan sel darah
- cairan intra vaskuler
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TRANSPORT BAHAN
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
- osmosis
- diffusion
- filtration
-solvent drag

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ACTIVE TRANSPORT
1. primary
2. secondary
- bulk transport
- exocytosis
- endocytosis
- phagocytosis
- pinocytosis

CELLULAR
ENERGY
PROCESS

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ACTIVE
TRANSPORT
required

physiology biology

PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
not required,
only kinetic
energy
physics

DIFFUSION

Particle movement
Simple diffusion : O2, CO2, alcohol
Facilitated diffusion : glucose, amine acid

OSMOSIS

Liquid movement
Hypotonic - Hypertonic

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MACAM

GERAKAN
DARI

ARAH
GERAKA
N

PLASMA CARRIER ENERGY

MEMBRA SYSTEM CELLULA
N
R

Osmos Solvent
is

CC SP

Tidak

Tidak

Diffusi Solut

CC +/-

Tidak

Tidak

Active Solut
Transp

CC SP

Ada

Ada

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 SEL

EKSITABEL

Sel yg mampu menimbulkan /

menjalankan impuls elektrokimia
sepanjang membran plasmanya.
Sel saraf, sel otot, sel kelenjar

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MEMBRAN PLASMA
STRUKTUR DAN KOMPOSISI MEMBRAN PLASMA
Lemak dynamic mozaic design / lipid bilayer 42%
Protein 55%
Karbohidrat 3%

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SIFAT
- Elastis tipis, ketebalan 6-10nm
FUNGSI
- Physical isolation
- Regulation of exchange with the
environment --- nutrition, ion
- Sensitivity --- receptor function
- Structural support
JENIS
- Impermeable
- Semi permeable
- Selective permeable
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PROTEIN
Sebagian besar glicoprotein
Protein integral / protein perifer, fungsinya:
membatasi pergerakan membran plasma
sebagai channel
carrier system
enzyme
receptor
Karbohidrat; berada di luar berikatan dg
glicoprotein maupun lipid bilayer, fungsi:
sebagai indikator sel.
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NEURO
N
= Sel saraf

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A Typical Neuron Overview

Dentrites
Cell Body
Axon
Terminal

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Diverse Neuron Forms and Functions

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Basic Concepts

Volt

A charge difference between two

points in space

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Basic Concepts

Ions charged particles

Anions Negatively charged

particles

Cations Positively charged

particles

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Basic Concepts
Forces that determine ionic
movement

Electrostatic forces

Concentration forces

Opposite charges attract, Identical charges

repel
Diffusion movement of ions through
semipermeable membrane
Osmosis movement of water from region of
high concentration to low

Hydrostatic Forces
Gravity forces upon osmosis
The combination of these forces leads to dynamic
equilibrium in the cellular environment

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Besar RMP 70 mV
Artinya ?
Potensial elektriks di dalam membran sel
lebih negatif dibandingkan di luar
membran sel sebesar 70mV

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POTENSIAL MEMBRAN
Perbedaan muatan listrik di luar dan
di dalam membran sel
RMP
=Resting Membran Potential
=Potensial Membran Istirahat
Berbedaan muatan listrik di luar dan
di dalam membran sel dalam keadaan
tidak ada aktivitas elektris.
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RANGSANGAN
Adekuat

Tidak adekuat

Mencapai threshold Tidak mencapai

threshold
POTENSIAL AKSI LOCAL POTENTIAL
Dirambatkan ke segala arah Tidak dirambatkan
Hukum ALL OR NONE
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Sumasi
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Action Potential Sequence

Involves the action of voltage-gated channels

Exchanges of ions in and out of the cell

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Action Potential Stages:

Overview

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ANIMASI ACTION POTENTIAL

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Action
Potential
Sequence

Saluran Na+ terbuka, terjadilah

fast natrium influx, depolarisasi.

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Action
Potential
Sequence

Pada keadaan +40 mV, saluran Na+ menutup, tetapi saluran K+

sekarang terbuka, menyebabkan pengeluaran ion K+ (gradien
konsentrasi), menyebabkan penurunan gradien elektris.

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Action
Potential
Sequence
Saluran K+ menutup, terjadilah
akumulasi ion K+ di ekstrasel.
Hal ini menyebabkan
depolarisasi, sedemikian rupa
sehingga terjadi undershoot
pada akhir action potential

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Equilibrium
membran
potential
dikembalikan

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Action
Potential
Sequence

Na+-K+ pump (pompa Na+-K+) berfungsi

mengembalikan keadaan serupa, yaitu RMP.

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Membrane & Channel Changes

during an Action Potential

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Refractory Period

Two types
Absolute

When Na+ channels close, at peak

of AP, they do not reopen for a time

Relative
Membrane hyperpolarized
Some Na+ channels still refractory

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Propagation of the Action

Potential

Action Potential spreads down

the axon in a chain reaction
Unidirectional
it does not spread into the cell body
and dendrite due to absence of
voltage-gated channels there
Refraction prevents spread back
across axon

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Propagation of the Action

Potential

Speed of propagation varies with

the axon diameter
Faster with larger axons
In large axons of mammals
5m/second 2 m axons
20m/second in 20 m axons

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Propagation of the Action

Potential

Speed of propagation also

assisted by the myelin sheath

Provides resistance to AP

Regular gaps in the myelin

sheath (1mm intervals)
Nodes of Ranvier
Increase conduction speed up to 15
times

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