CIVIL WORK

WATER
RETICULATIO
N

INTRODUCTION
Water

reticulation system is to
supply treated water at sufficient
pressure and sufficient quantity to
the consumers.

The

scopes of work in water

reticulation system are :
i. Determination of the location of
elevated water tank and suction
tank,
ii. Propose the type of pipe for
water
reticulation
and
fire

AVERAGE DAILY WATER

DEMAND (SPAN)

WATER DEMAND
ITEM

NET
AREA/PERSON

WATER
CONSUMTION

TOTAL (m3/day)

Stadium

300 Person

16.50

Office

177 m2

0.055 m3 per person

(SPAN)
1 m3 per 100 m2
(SPAN)

1.77
18.27

The total water demand, Q = 18.27 m3/d x 1d / 24 hr x 1 hr / 60 min

x 1000 L / s
= 18.27 L / min @ 4,018.91 gal/day

CALCULATION
Case 1: Water Pipelines Design for Peak Flow
Domestic average flow x 2.5 (SPAN)
= 12.69 lpm x 2.5 (Peak factor for urban & rural area)
= 31.72 lpm @ 0.529 lps
Case 2: Water Pipelines Design for Fire Flow
Domestic average flow + Fire flow
= 12.69 lpm + 2700 lpm (Class B) (SPAN)
= 2,712.69 lpm @ 45.21 lps

Residual Head = minimum 22 m

= maximum 60 m
Minimum residual head of 7.6 m at the outlet of all pipes.
Maximum velocity (SPAN) is 2.6 m/s

ANALYSIS FOR PEAK

FLOW

ANALYSIS FOR FIRE

FLOW

DRAWING LAYOUT
RETICULATION PIPELINE

DESCRIPTION

Based on the project design, we decided to use the

HDPE size 200 mm and 150 mm diameter pipe
for water reticulation system.
Choose HDPE pipe because HDPE pipe provide
important benefits for water applications are
listed below:
a. Flexibility- Flexibility allows simple handling
and installation
b. Light in weight- Easy for handling, reduce
transportation and installation costs.
c.
Chemical/Corrosion resistance- These pipes
have a good resistance to acids and alkaline.
d. Weldability- The butt fusion and electro fusion
are very simple and most reliable welding
techniques used
e. Coefficient of friction- Inside surface is very

SIZE OF WATER
TANK
Total water demand for this development
= 18.27 m3/day
@ 4,018.92 gpd

Determining the size tank:

= 18.27 / (2 x 4)
=2m

So, 2m x 2m x 4m

LAYOUT COLD
WATER

CIVIL WORK
SEWERAGE

INTRODUCTION
Sewerage : The sewerage system comprises the

pipes, pumps and plant

transport and treat sewage.
The

proposed
following : -

sewer

needed

lines

is

to

to

collect,

cater

the

a) Stadium
b) Office
)The proposed inverts of the sewer line are
designed cater the Sewerage disposal from the
building which are then piped to the existing
manhole by means of gravity flow.
)The services manholes provided are spaced at
regular interval not exceeding 90m.
)All pipe connections are flexible rubber ring
joints and pipes are laid on granular bedding

DESIGN CRITERIA
a) The design parameters for the sewerage system are
based on the Malaysian Standard, MS1228. Code of
practise for design and installation of sewerage system
and guidelines for developer Design and installation
of sewerage system by the Director General of Sewerage
Services Department.
b) Wherever technically and economically feasible, gravity
sewers will be designed to maintain minimum cleansing
velocities of 0.8 m/sec.
c) This is to avoid the settlement of solids and to minimize
the potential for corrosion resulting from the hydrogen
sulphide.
d) For erosion prevention, it is recommended that as a

POPULATION
EQUIVALENT

CALCULATION
Calculation of Population Equivalent (P.E)
1. Stadium = 0.2 per person (Table A.1 `Sewerage Treatment
Plant Volume 4)
2. Office = 3 per 100 m2
(Table A.1 `Sewerage Treatment
No Volume
Type
Density
PE/Unit
PE
Plant
4)
1
2

125
person

0.2 person

25

13.5 x
13.1
= 177 m2

3 /100 m2

5.31

Stadium
Office

Total

30

 Sewer Pipe Flow Velocity and Capacity Calculations

i. All sewer pipes are approved 225mm diameter VC pipes.
ii. Gradients, velocities and capacities are calculated based on
Hazen Williams Equations Formula :-

SIZE (mm)

GRADIENT

CAPACITY (m3/s)

VELOCITY (m/s)

225

1: 150

0.040

1.02

0.225 0.63 1
V 0.849110 (
)

4
150
Capacity = A.V

0.54

1.02m / s 2
A= pipe cross sectional

= ( x 0.2252)/4 x 1.02
= 0.040 m3/s
iii. The velocity of flow should not fall below 0.8m/sec and
not greater than 4.0m/sec.

Vitrified clay pipes (VCP)

Advantages of VCP:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.

Excellent corrosion resistance

Exceptional leak tightness
Excellent resistance to high pressure cleaning
High abrasion resistance
High mechanical strength
Environmentally friendly

)Manhole
Max. Spacing

Not Greater Than 90 m

Minimum Depth

1200mm Below Ground Level

Manhole covers :

Heavy Duty Cast Iron Manholes

Design Standards
The sewer reticulations are design based on the following manual:
a) Malaysian Standard MS1228: 1991 Code of Practice for Design
and Installation of Sewerage Systems.
b) Guidelines for Developers Volume 1 Sewerage Policy for New
Developments.
c) Guidelines for Developers Volume 3 Sewer Networks & Pump
Stations.
d) Guidelines for Developers Volume 4 Sewage Treatment Plants.
e) Guidelines for Developers Volume 5 Septic Tanks.

Example Calculation

SEWERAGE DESIGN

DRAWING LAYOUT
SEWERAGE

SEPTIC TANK
DESIGN

CALCULATION

Working Volume and Accumulated

Sludge Volume

Principle Dimension for

Prefabricated Septic Tanks

Dimension for Septic Tank

Cast in-Situ for 30 PE
Septic Tank

Inside Dimension
(mm)
PE

30

Capacit
y
(Litres)

6750

Width
(W1)

Lengt
h
(L1)

Liqui
d
Dept
h
(D1)

1375

3365

1525

Air
Spac
e
(S)

305

Filter Bed

Inlet/Outle
t Pipe

Inside Dimension
(mm)

Depth Below
WL (mm)

Width
(W2)

Lengt
h
(L2)

Liqui
d
Dept
h
(D2)

2300

2400

1500

Inlet

3065
10

Outle
t

610

BQ FOR WATER
RETICULATION AND
SEWERAGE