METHOD OF SLICES

YULVI ZAIKA

LEARNING OUTCOMES
SLOPE STABILITY BASED ON TAYLOR DIAGRAM
BASIC THEORY OF SLICE OF SLOPES
CALCULATION OF SAFETY FACTOR

TAYLOR DIAGRAM FOR COHESION SOIL( = 0)

Because

than

Nd = stability number

STABILITY DIAGRAM FOR COHESIVE SOIL AND >53O

High
of
slopes

Z=depth of hard
layer

Hard layer

SLOPES STABILITY FOR COHESION LESS

SOIL; >0 (TAYLOR, 1948)

THE SLICED METHOD

YULVI ZAIKA

SLICED METHOD
THIS METHOD CAN BE USED FOR SOIL IN DIFFERENT SHEARING RESISTANCE
ALONG THE FAILURE PLANE
PROPOSED BY FELLENIUS ,BISHOP, JANBU, ETC
ASSUMED CIRCULAR FAILURE PLANE

REGULATION OF SLICES
1. SLICED PERFORMED VERTICAL DIRECTION
2. THE WIDTH OF THE SLICE DOES NOT HAVE THE SAME MEASUREMENT
3. ONE SLICE MUST HAVE ONE TYPE OF SOIL IN THE FAILURE SURFACE
4. THE WIDTH OF THE SLICE MUST BE SUCH THAT THE CURVE (FAILURE
PLANE) CAN BE CONSIDERED A STRAIGHT LINE
5. THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF SOIL IN A SLICE IS THE SOIL WEDGE ITSELF,
INCLUDING WATER AND EXTERNAL LOAD

FELLENIUS (ORDINARY) METHOD OF SLICES

 FIRSTLY

IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE SIDE FORCES T AND E MAY BE NEGLECTED

AND SECONDLY, THAT THE NORMAL FORCE N, MAY BE DETERMINED SIMPLY BY
RESOLVING THE WEIGHT W OF THE SLICE IN A DIRECTION NORMAL TO THE
ARC, AT THE MID POINT OF THE SLICE

WHERE IS THE ANGLE OF INCLINATION OF THE POTENTIAL FAILURE ARC TO

THE HORIZONTAL AT THE MID POINT OF THE SLICE
THE DRIVING FORCE IS

FORMULATION

IF SUBMERGED.
WHERE:

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

1. DRAW CROSS-SECTION TO NATURAL SCALE
2. SELECT FAILURE SURFACE
3. DIVIDE THE FAILURE MASS INTO SOME SLICES
4. COMPUTE TOTAL WEIGHT ( WT ) OF EACH SLICE
5. COMPUTE FRICTIONAL RESISTING FORCE FOR EACH SLICE N TAN UL
6. COMPUTE COHESIVE RESISTING FORCE FOR EACH SLICE CL
7. COMPUTE TANGENTIAL DRIVING FORCE (T) FOR EACH SLICE
8. SUM RESISTING AND DRIVING FORCES FOR ALL SLICES AND COMPUTE FS

BISHOP METHOD
- Also known as Simplified Bishop method
- Includes interslice normal forces
- Neglects interslice shear forces
- Satisfies only moment equilibrium

3. Simplified Bishop Method

RECOMMENDED STABILITY METHODS

ORDINARY METHOD OF SLICES (OMS) IGNORES BOTH SHEAR AND
NORMAL INTERSLICE FORCES AND ONLY MOMENT EQUILIBRIUM

BISHOP METHOD
ALSO KNOWN AS SIMPLIFIED BISHOP METHOD
INCLUDES INTERSLICE NORMAL FORCES
NEGLECTS INTERSLICE SHEAR FORCES
SATISFIES ONLY MOMENT EQUILIBRIUM

OTHERS

SIMPLIFIED JANBU METHOD

INCLUDES INTERSLICE NORMAL FORCES
NEGLECTS INTERSLICE SHEAR FORCES
SATISFIES ONLY HORIZONTAL FORCE EQUILIBRIUM

SPENCER METHOD
INCLUDES BOTH NORMAL AND SHEAR INTERSLICE FORCES
CONSIDERS MOMENT EQUILIBRIUM
MORE ACCURATE THAN OTHER METHODS

RECOMMENDED STABILITY METHODS

OMS IS CONSERVATIVE AND GIVES UNREALISTICALLY LOWER FS THAN
BISHOP OR OTHER REFINED METHODS
FOR PURELY COHESIVE SOILS, OMS AND BISHOP METHOD GIVE
IDENTICAL RESULTS
FOR FRICTIONAL SOILS, BISHOP METHOD SHOULD BE USED AS A
MINIMUM
RECOMMENDATION: USE BISHOP, SIMPLIFIED JANBU OR SPENCER

REMARKS ON SAFETY FACTOR

USE FS = 1.3 TO 1.5 FOR CRITICAL SLOPES SUCH AS END SLOPES
UNDER ABUTMENTS, SLOPES
CONTAINING FOOTINGS, MAJOR RETAINING STRUCTURES
USE FS = 1.5 FOR CUT SLOPES IN FINE-GRAINED SOILS WHICH CAN
LOSE STRENGTH WITH TIME