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Intelligent Network
Basic IN concept & technology
Some basic IN services
STP
STP
MAP
INAP
CAP
SCP
SCP
SSP
SSP
ISUP
Exchange
Exchange
3.
2.
1.
SSP
SSP
Exchange
Exchange
4.
5.
Exchange
Exchange
3.
2.
1.
SSP
SSP
Exchange
Exchange
4.
5.
Exchange
Exchange
Typical triggers:
Called number (or part of number)
Called user (destination) is busy
Called user does not answer in predefined time
3.
2.
1.
SSP
SSP
Exchange
Exchange
4.
5.
Exchange
Exchange
translation
may be
based on
several
variables
SSP
SSP
Exchange
Exchange
SCP
SCP
Time or date
Destination
Destination 11
Destination
Destination 22
SSP
SSP
Exchange
Exchange
SCP
SCP
Destination
Destination 11
Destination
Destination 22
SSP
SSP
Exchange
Exchange
SCP
SCP
Network load
Destination
Destination 11
Destination
Destination 22
Exchange
Exchange
IP
IP
Exchange
Exchange
IP
IP
Typical applications:
1) Whenever services need user interaction
2) User authentication
2.
3.
SCP
SCP
1.
SSP
SSP
Exchange
Exchange
4.
Exchange
Exchange
IP
IP
2.
3.
SCP
SCP
1.
SSP
SSP
Exchange
Exchange
4.
Exchange
Exchange
IP
IP
1.
2.
SCP
SCP
1.
SSP
SSP
Exchange
Exchange
3.
IP
IP
IN services
A large number of IN services can be implemented by
combining different building blocks:
Called number translation (at SCP)
Routing decision based on calling number,
time, date, called user busy, called user
alerting timeout, network load ...
Announcements (from IP) or user notification
(<= ISDN user signalling)
DTMF number reception (at IP) and analysis
(at SCP)
Customised charging (at exchanges)
IN service examples
Traditional IN services:
-
IN in mobile networks:
- Mobility management (HLR, VLR = databases)
- Security management (Authentication ...)
- Additional IN services in mobile networks =>
CAMEL (Customised Applications for Mobile
networks Enhanced Logic)
3.
2.
1.
SSP
SSP
Exchange
Exchange
4.
5.
Destination
Destination
3.
2.
1.
SSP
SSP
Exchange
Exchange
4.
5.
Destination
Destination
SSP
SSP
Exchange
Exchange
SCP
SCP
Customised charging
User authentication
Destination
Destination
IP
IP
SSP
SSP
Exchange
Exchange
Local exchange of called user
SCP
SCP
Called
Called user
user
2.
4.
5.
1.
GMSC
GMSC
3.
6.
VLR
VLR
Serving
Serving MSC
MSC
7.
Example
of service
creation
template:
PLMN
Public Land Mobile Network
(official name for mobile network)
Circuit-switched (CS) core network
(radio access network is not part of
this course)
Basic concepts and network elements
Mobility management in PLMN
Cellular concept
A cellular network contains a large number of cells with
a base station (BS) at the center of each cell to which
mobile stations (MS) are connected during a call.
BS
BS
BS
MS
BS
If a connected MS
(MS in call phase)
moves between two
cells, the call is not
dropped.
Instead, the network
performs a handover
(USA: handoff).
Mobility concept
A cellular network is divided into location areas (LA),
each containing a certain number of cells.
Location Area 1
Location
Area 2
Location Area 3
As long as an idle MS
(idle = switched on)
moves within a location
area, it can be reached
through paging.
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR
GMSC
GMSC
PSTN
GSM
BSS
CS core network
HLR
HLR
AuC
AuC
MS
EIR
EIR
PS core network
Internet
3G
RAN
Serving MSC
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR
GMSC
GMSC
PSTN
GSM
BSS
CS core network
HLR
HLR
AuC
AuC
Internet
VLR
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR
GMSC
GMSC
PSTN
GSM
BSS
CS core network
HLR
HLR
AuC
AuC
Internet
Gateway MSC
Internet
MSC
GMSC
MSC
GMSC
VLR
VLR
The gateway MSC (located in the home
HLR
HLR contact
PLMN of a mobile user) is the first
point in the mobile network when
AuC
AuCthere is
an incoming call to the mobile user.
EIR
3G
EIR
RAN
PS core network
PSTN
GSM
BSS
CS core network
HLR
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR
GMSC
GMSC
PSTN
GSM
BSS
CS core network
HLR
HLR
AuC
AuC
Internet
AuC
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR
GMSC
GMSC
PSTN
GSM
BSS
CS core network
HLR
HLR
AuC
AuC
Internet
EIR
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR
GMSC
GMSC
PSTN
GSM
BSS
CS core network
HLR
HLR
AuC
AuC
Internet
SIM
SIM
SIM
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR
GMSC
GMSC
Internet
HLR
HLR
Important mobile user information isAuC
stored in the
AuC
subscriber identity module within the handset.
EIR
3G
EIR
RAN
PS core network
PSTN
GSM
BSS
CS core network
CS core network
EIR
EIR
Europe: GSM core network
N. America: ANSI-41 core network
PS core network
Internet
3G
RAN
MSC
GMSC
GMSC
The CS core MSC
network architecture
is
basically theVLR
same in 2G (GSM) and 3G
VLR
mobile networks.
HLR
HLR
In North America, IS-MAP signalling is
AuC
used instead of GSM-MAPAuC
signalling.
PSTN
GSM
BSS
CS core network
Handover management
Ciphering (encryption) over radio interface
Number
refers to
following
slides in the
the slide set
MOC, MTC
PDP Context
Later lecture
Range of functions
RRM
CS core network
CC
GSM
BSS
or
3G
RAN
MM
SM
PS core network
Air
interface
Challenge
Algorithm
Algorithm
Authentication key
Ki
RAND
Response
SRESS
Network (algorithm
running in AuC)
Random number
Algorithm
Algorithm
Authentication key
SRESA
Ki
The
The same?
same? IfIf yes,
yes,
authentication
authentication isis successful
successful
SIM
SIM
Ki
SRESS
VLR
VLR
SRESA
AuC
AuC
Ki
Algorithm considerations
SIM
SIM
IMSI
LAI 1
TMSI
LAI 1
(in broadcast messages)
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR22
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR11
IMSI
TMSI
HLR
HLR
IMSI
LAI 1
SIM
SIM
IMSI
LAI 1
TMSI
(in broadcast
messages)
LAI 2
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR22
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR11
IMSI
TMSI
HLR
HLR
IMSI
LAI 1
SIM
SIM
IMSI
LAI 1
TMSI
LAI 1, TMSI
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR22
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR11
IMSI
TMSI
HLR
HLR
No TMSI - IMSI context!
IMSI
LAI 1
Address: LAI 1
SIM
SIM
IMSI
LAI 1
TMSI
IMSI
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR22
IMSI
TMSI
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR11
IMSI
TMSI
HLR
HLR
IMSI
LAI 1
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR11
SIM
SIM
IMSI
LAI 1
TMSI
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR22
IMSI
TMSI
IMSI
TMSI
HLR
HLR
LAI 2
IMSI
LAI 1
LAI 2
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR11
SIM
SIM
IMSI
LAI 1
TMSI
LAI 2
TMSI
LAI 2
TMSI
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR22
HLR
HLR
IMSI
TMSI
TMSI
IMSI
LAI 2
Role of TMSI
MS
MS
Random access
Uses
TMSI
Network
Network
Authentication
Start ciphering
CC or MM transaction
IMSI detach
New TMSI stored in SIM
IMSI is not
sent over air
interface if
not absolutely
necessary!
New TMSI
allocated by
network
CC
CC
NDC
NDC
SN
SN
E.164 numbering
format
CC
CC
NDC
NDC
TN
TN
E.164 numbering
format
MCC
MCC
MNC
MNC
MSIN
MSIN
E.212 numbering
format
MCC
MCC
MNC
MNC
LAC
LAC
E.212 numbering
format
2.
4.
4.
1.
GMSC
GMSC
3.
5.
VLR
VLR
Serving
Serving MSC
MSC
6.
2.
4.
4.
1.
GMSC
GMSC
3.
5.
VLR
VLR
Serving
Serving MSC
MSC
6.
2.
4.
4.
1.
GMSC
GMSC
3.
5.
VLR
VLR
Serving
Serving MSC
MSC
6.
2.
4.
4.
1.
GMSC
GMSC
3.
5.
MSRN IMSI
VLR
VLR
Serving
Serving MSC
MSC
6.
2.
4.
4.
1.
GMSC
GMSC
3.
5.
VLR
VLR
Serving
Serving MSC
MSC
6.
2.
GMSC
GMSC
MSRN IMSI
IMSI TMSI
4.
4.
1.
3.
5.
VLR
VLR
Serving
Serving MSC
MSC
6.