USE OF CAVITATIONAL REACTOR

FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER.

Project Guide:
Prof: S. D. AYARE
BY: Gitanjali R. Savadkar
Sunny Premprakash
Tiwari

CONTENTS:
Introduction

Cavitation

Types of Cavitation.
Literature review
Project objectives and Work done till date
Characterization of phosphonate effluent.
DMAc
Experimental setup, procedure, results
Conclusion
DMAc (dimethyl acetamide) Problems.
Future plans.

INTRODUCTION
Due to increasing awareness regarding environment it has become important

for the industries to treat their waste to their best.

So the field of waste water treatment has become one of the key fields of

research.
But we all know that due to increasing production that waste generated has

also increased. And if we go with biodegradation it require about 3 days to

complete the degradation.
So there is a need to find a noble method for treatment of waste water.
And one of these methods is cavitation.

What is Cavitation ?
Cavitation means formation of empty space in a liquid body causing formation,

growth and subsequently collapses of micro bubbles in liquid body.

It occurs due to constant high and low pressure variations.
Local temperature and pressure conditions 5000 C and 2000 atm.

TYPES OF CAVITATION
There are four types of
Cavitation.

Acoustic Cavitation.
Hydrodynamic Cavitation.
Optic Cavitation.
Particle Cavitation.

literature review
Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation and

Heterogeneous Advanced Fenton Processing (Anand G. Chakinala1, Parag R.

Gogate, Arthur E. Burgess, David H. Bremner).
Acoustic Cavitation (Olivier Louis nard and Jos Gonzlez-Garca).
Acoustic cavitation and its chemical consequences (Kenneth S. Suslick, Yuri

Didenko, Ming M. Fang, Taeghwan Hyeon, Kenneth J. Kolbeck, William B.

McNamara III, Millan M. Mdleleni and Mike Wong).
Physical and Chemical Effects of Acoustic Cavitation in Selected Ultrasonic

Cleaning Applications (Nor Saadah Mohd. Yusof, Bandar Babgi, Mecit Aksu).

Project objectives
To treat DMAc (Dimethyl Acetamide) effluent provided to us from Excel
industries, Lote by acoustic cavitation.
To study parameters like time and power.

Work done till date

Have tested the effect of acoustic cavitation on
Phosphonate effluent.
Also, oxidation of phosphonate effluent was done.

Characterization of
phosphonate effluent
COD = 3328 ppm
Chlorides =1138 ppm
Phosphonates = 3436 ppm
pH= 3.2

DIMETHYL ACETAMIDE DMAc

EFFULENT

Dimethyl acetamide (DMAC) is the organic compound with the formula

CH3CON(CH3)2

This colorless, water-miscible, high boiling liquid is commonly used as a

polar solvent in organic synthesis. DMA is miscible with most other solvents,
although it is poorly soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons.

DMA is prepared by the reaction of Dimethyl amine with acetic

anhydride and esters of acetic acid.
CH3CO2HHN(CH3)2 H2O + CH3CON(CH3)2.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

of DMAc:
Physical state and appearance: Liquid.
Odor: Amine like, ammonia or fish-like
Molecular Weight: 87.12g/mole
Color: Colorless.
Boiling Point: 163C (325.4F)
Melting Point: -18.59C (-1.5F)
Dispersion Properties: soluble in water, diethyl ether.

Characterization of dmac and its

adverse effect
Properties of our effluent.
pH= 10.5
COD= 2,50000 ppm.
DMAC contents= 13-15%

Adverse effect of DMAc effluent.

DMAc is hazardous in case of skin contact , eye contact.
Dimethyl acetamide can cause hepatotoxicity.
Dimethyl acetamide is a medium potency reproductive toxicant and may

affect on unborn child.

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:

CAVITATION OF DMAc BY
ULTRASONIC PROBE
SONICATOR

AFTER
DIGESTION

Experimental procedure
Method
1:
Cavitation

Acoustic

Here 100 ml of effluent was

taken in a 250-ml beaker
and then ultrasonic sound
waves were passed through
the
effluent
using
a
sonicator.
The batches were taken
after every 38 minutes after
each 38-min. time interval a
5-ml sample was taken from
the beaker.
The reaction time was 30
min. Similarly, 4 samples
were taken i.e. total time
required was 2 hr. and 32

Method 2: - Oxidation by H2O2

Prepare three samples of H2O2
with the solution i.e. 5000 ppm,
10000 ppm and 15000 ppm.
To prepare this simple we
weighed 6% of H2O2 i.e. 50
mg, 100 mg, 150 mg of H2O2.by
adding this amount of H2O2 we
can prepare 100 ml of solution.
Then just stir the solution for 30
minutes. And again, take 4
samples after 30 minutes
interval. And then again send
the sample For COD test.

Results For Cavitation

Sampl
e
Sr. No
Phosph
onate
A
Blank
B
C
D
E
F

Before
Sample
1
Sample
2
Sample
3
Sample
4

Volu Pow
Time
me er
100
ml

90
3 ml
3 ml

90
90 30 min

3 ml

90 60 min

3 ml

90 90 min

3 ml

90 120 min

Burette
%De
COD
Reading
g.

29
12
24.3
24.4
24.6
24.8

272
0
188
0
184
0
176
0
168
0

30.8
8
32.3
5
35.2
9
38.2
3

% Degradation

100 watt

30

90 Watt

25

45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

20

Series 1

15
%Degradation

Serie
s1

10

30

60

90

120

Time

110 watt

30

60

35
30
25
20
% Degradation

Series 1

15
10
5
0
30

60

90
Time

120

Time

90

120

Results For Oxidation

Sr.
No
A
B
C
D
E
F

Sample Volume
Phosph
onate
Blank
Before
Sample
1
Sample
2
Sample
3
Sample
4

100 ml

3 ml
3 ml

Time

Burette
Reading

COD

%Deg.

29
12

2720

22.3

1786

34.33

22.6

1706

37.27

21.8

1920

29.41

22.7

1680

38.23

30 min

3 ml

60 min

3 ml

90 min

3 ml

120 min

500 ppm H2O2

1000 ppm H2O2

45
40
35
30
25
% Degradation
20
15
10
5
0
30

50
40
30
%Degradation

Series 1

20
10
0

30

60

90

120

Series 1

60

Time

90
Time

1500 ppm H2O2

40
38
36
% Degradation

34

Series 1

32
30
28
30

60

90
Time

120

120

Conclusion:

One study on the reduction of COD due to various power density

ultrasonic irradiation was shown that for all power density the COD
percentage reduction increased significantly at 30 min ultrasonic
irradiation but became unstable from 60 min to 120 min of
irradiation at all power density.

The highest percentage reduction was 30.88% for 30 min while the
lowest percentage reduction was 1.47 % for 60 min.

Dmac (dimethyl acetamide)

Problems
COD cannot be measured due to highly concentrated effluent.

(COD = 2,50,000 )
pH of effluent is not favorable. (10.5)
We still cant make proper sample for degradation.

FUTURE PLANS
We are trying to make proper sample and start

treating it.
Use advanced oxidation processes in combination

with Cavitation to get high degree of degradation.

K
N
A
H
T

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U
YO