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JALANDHAR (PUNJAB)-144020
PRESENTED BY
SANJEET KUMAR
REGISTRATION NO. - 1308143
BRANCH: ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending
pulses of light through an optical fiber. The optical fiber acts as a low loss, wide bandwidth
transmission channel. A light source is required to emit light signals, which are modulated by the signal
data. To enhance the performance of the system, a spectrally pure light source is required
Quad Cable
Conductor: Each conductor consists of round wire of annealed high conductivity copper.
Insulation: Each conductor is insulated with solid medium/ high density polyethylene insulation.
Quadding: Four insulated conductors stranded to form a star quad, two conductors diagonally opposite
forming one pair and the remaining two diagonally opposite conductors forming the second pairs of the
quad.
Telephone Exchange
Highest level - Zonal Head Quarters (ZHQ) and Railway Board (RB)
All telephones shall be push button type. The signaling may be decadic or DTMF
- Ordinary
- Digital
- Magneto
- 4 wire
a) Exchange hardware
b) Exchange software
e) Power supply Arrangement consisting of Batteries, Charger, Changeover panel and stand-by system.
h) Protection arrangement
k) Maintenance tool
STM-1
STM is used by telecommunication backbone networks to transfer packetized voice and data across long
distances. It is a circuit switched networking mechanism, where a connection is established between two
end points before data transfer commences, and torn down when the two end points are done
1E1=30 Channel
64 mbps=T ckt
Mobile Communication
Mobile Train Radio communication is a digital wireless network based on GSM-R (Global System for
Mobile Communication-Railway) designed on EIRENE (European Integrated Railway Radio Enhanced
Network) Functional requirement specification (FRS) and System Requirement specification (SRS)
Emergency call
Functional addressing
Video Conferencing
A videoconference is a live connection between people in separate locations for the purpose of
communication, usually involving audio and often text as well as video.
Axle Counter
1894
1920
1958
1966
1972
Control system
The Control Organization of IR has primary responsibility for scheduling and running all trains, and
maintaining information on the positions and movements of all rolling stock. (These functions are
collectively known as control - an area of the railway network is said to be 'controlled' when a control
office is in charge of it).A control chart is drawn up by the section controller or his staff for each day.
Basic Signaling
The absolute block system is the most widespread method of train working on IR. The block sections may be
handled manually or automatically, or by some combination of those. Some sections still use different forms
of physical token systems such as the Neale's Ball Token instruments.
Interlocking
In railway signalling, an interlocking is an arrangement of signal apparatus that prevents conflicting movements
through an arrangement of tracks such as junctions or crossings. The signalling appliances and tracks are sometimes
collectively referred to as an interlocking plant. An interlocking is designed so that it is impossible to give clear signals
to trains unless the route to be used is proved to be safe.
PI and RRI
Panel Interlocking (PI) is the system used in most medium-sized stations on IR. In this, the points and
signals are worked by individual switches that control them.
Route Relay Interlocking (RRI) is the system used in large and busy stations that have to handle high
volumes of train movements. In this, an entire route through the station can be selected and all the
associated points and signals along the route can be set at once by a switch for receiving, holding,
blocking, or dispatching trains.
Electrical Interlocking(EI) In the more advanced electrical or electronic interlocking schemes, the points
and signals are worked from one integrated mechanism in a signal cabin which features a display of the
entire
Electrical equipment of some kinds may be used even in the mechanical interlocking systems described
above (e.g., electrical relays that operate slotting
Relays
Relays of various sorts are used to turn on or turn off circuits that control signals, points, slots, level
crossing gates, etc. Track relays are used for track circuits. Signal relays control signals.
Most railroad crossing train detection systems can detect trains within at least several hundred feet from
the crossing on either side of the road. Although some of the earliest crossings provided a warning
whenever a train was within detection range, even if the rear of that train had already cleared the crossing,
Track Circuit
Questions??
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Presented By
Sanjeet Kumar
sanjeetkumar2101@gmail.c
+91-8968143473