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Design of safety valves DIN EN ISO 4126-1 | LESER GmbH & Co. KG | 01.03.2011 | Rev. 01
Objective
Objective
Codes and standards
Design
2 / 19
Objective
Codes
andstandards
standards
Codes and
Design
ISO 4126-1
AD 2000 Merkblatt A2
TRD 421
API 520
ASME VIII
ISO 4126-9
Chapter 7 + 9
AD 2000 Merkblatt A2
Chapter 6
TRD 421
Chapter 6
3 / 19
Objective
Codes
andstandards
standards
Codes and
Design
inlet pressure loss
Size
determination
Back pressure
inlet
pressure loss
4 / 19
Objective
Codes
andstandards
standards
Codes and
Design
inlet pressure loss
Back pressure
Back pressure
5 / 19
Objective
Codes and standards
Design
Design
Coefficient of discharge w:
the rated coefficient of discharge from
component testing (often also referred to
as d)
Substance information
medium-dependent substance data
Operating data:
state parameters like pressure and
temperature
Back pressure
d0
6 / 19
Objective
Codes and standards
Design
Design
German Code
American Code
VdTV Merkblatt
SV 100, 3.3.1
ASME-Code Sec.VIII,
Div. 1, UG-131 (e)
Coefficient of
discharge
Rated coefficient
of discharge
qmeasured
qtheoretical
w = 0.9 x
qmeasured
qtheoretical
= actual measured qm
= calculated qm
or Kd
d or K
0.9
= coefficient of discharge
= rated coefficient of discharge
= correction factor
Kd =
qmeasured
qtheoretical
K = 0.9 x Kd
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Objective
Differentiation of media
Steams/
gasses
Subcritical
Supercritical
Back pressure
Low viscosity
Liquids
High viscosity
Medium
Saturated steam
Steam
Superheated steam
Twophase
flow
Liquid phase
Gaseous Phase
8 / 19
Objective
Gasses/
steams
Liquids
Saturated
steam
Superheated
steam
psig
Back pressure pa
psig
Temperature T
[C]
Mass flow* qm
[kg/h]
[m/h]
[Nm/h]
Overpressure c
[%]
[-]
[kg/kmol]
[-]
Molar mass M
Isentropic exponent k
Density
[kg/m]
Kinematic viscosity
[m2/s]
9 / 19
Objective
Codes and standards
Design
Design
inlet pressure loss
ISO 4126-1
A=
Back pressure
ZT
Qm
C Kdr p0
ISO 4126-1
Actual orifice area
A [mm]
Mass flow
Qm [kg/h]
C [-]
Kdr
Set pressure
Temperature
Molar mass
Real gas factor
p0 [bar abs]
T [K]
M [kg/kmol]
Z [-]
10 / 19
Objective
Codes and standards
Design
Design
inlet pressure loss
ISO 4126-1
Back pressure
A=
Qm
C Kdr 0.2883
p0
ISO 4126-1
Actual orifice area
A [mm]
Set pressure
p0 [bar abs]
Mass flow
Qm [kg/h]
Specific volume
Rated coefficient of discharge
v [m3/kg]
Kdr [m3/kg]
11 / 19
Objective
Codes and standards
Design
Design
inlet pressure loss
ISO 4126-1
A=
p0 - pb
Back pressure
Qm
1.61 Kdr Kv
ISO 4126-1
Actual orifice area
A [mm]
Set pressure
po [bar abs]
Back pressure
pb [bar]
Mass flow
Specific volume
Rated coefficient of discharge
Viscosity correction factor
Qm [kg/h]
v [m3/kg]
Kdr
Kv
12 / 19
Objective
Codes and standards
Design
p2 = p1
p2 = p1 - p
inlet
pressureloss
loss
inlet pressure
p = 0
p > 0
Back pressure
Valve is
closed
p2
Valve is
open
p2
p
p1
p
p1
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Objective
Codes and standards
Design
inlet
pressureloss
loss
inlet pressure
Back pressure
14 / 19
Objective
Calculation
p = ( l/d + ) /2 w2
Design
inlet
pressureloss
loss
inlet pressure
Flow
resistance
Back pressure
l/d
Flow
rate
15 / 19
Objective
inlet
pressureloss
loss
inlet pressure
Back pressure
Incorrect
Correct
16 / 19
Objective
inlet
pressureloss
loss
inlet pressure
Back pressure
Reduction (%)
p = ( l/d + ) /2 w 2
Reduction of flow resistance
17 / 19
Objective
Codes and standards
Design
Back pressure
Definition
Back pressure
Built-up
back pressure
External back
pressure
Constant
Variable
Exists
permanently in the
outlet system The
external back
pressure is
dependent on the
blow-off of the
safety valve
Back pressure
18 / 19
Objective
Codes and standards
Design
inlet pressure loss
Back
pressure
Back pressure
19 / 19