GD&T - All Slides - Chapters 1-11 - Q&A - Animated

Chapter 1 Introduction
Online GD&T Training Quiz

Please answer the following True/False questions (enter T or F):
TGD&T is much more precise than traditional coordinate dimensioning.

TGD&T allows a company to analyze and design out most dimensional issues
before cutting steel.
TGD&T can control location, orientation, form, and, in some cases, size of
features as well as feature-to-feature relationships.
FGD&T should only be used on critical part features.
FYou can learn GD&T in two days.
TRefinement means holding a feature to a tighter tolerance but with fewer
datums and/or constraints.
TFunctional gaging depends on the Maximum Material Condition and Virtual
Condition concepts.
FThe best approach to design is to adjust tolerances to fit manufacturing
capabilities.
TThis course is based on ASME Y14.5M-1994 Dimensioning and Tolerancing.
TThere are over 250 definitions and concepts to learn in ASME Y14.5M-1994.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 1 Section: 1 Rev: Date: 8/1/13 Title: Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
Online GD&T Training Discussion
GD&T should only be used on critical part features.
This is a common misconception. Three dimensional geometry requires the control

of shape, size, location, orientation, and form of features. Although not all part or
assembly features will have an associated feature control frame, their location,
orientation, form, and size need to be controlled by a combination of geometric
tolerancing (sometimes included in general notes), Rule #1, and other dimensional
tolerances.
You can learn GD&T in two days.
It would be great if that were true! However, determining datums, controlling 3D

geometry, as well as feature-to-feature relationships, is complex. You can learn a
number of things about GD&T in two days and start to learn much of the symbology
and basic rules. Typically, it takes two or three courses or seminars and a lot of
individual study to become proficient in applying GD&T and to understand the many
nuances of dimensioning and tolerancing.
The best approach to design is to adjust tolerances to fit manufacturing capabilities.
The best approach is Design Driven: Make tolerances as large as possible while
still maintaining part or assembly function. This leads to the lowest overall costs.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 1
Section: 1 Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Introduction
Title:
Chapter 2 - Drawings &

Tolerances Quiz
1.
2.
TA drawing shall not be subject to more than one interpretation.

TDimensions and tolerances apply only at the drawing level where they are
specified.
3. FA drawing should generally define a part by specifying manufacturing
methods whenever applicable.
4. TEach necessary dimension of an end product shall be shown.
5. TUnless otherwise specified, all geometric tolerances apply for the full depth,
length, and width of the feature.
6. FAll dimensions and tolerances apply in a clamped condition (except for
those identified as non-rigid parts).
7. TDimensions shall reflect functional and mating relationships of a part.
8. TA 90 angle applies where center lines and lines depicting features are shown
on a drawing at right angles and no angle is specified.
9. TManufacturing data can be added to a drawing for reference with the
notation NON-MANDATORY (MFG DATA).
10. TA 90 basic angle applies where center lines of features in a pattern or
surfaces shown on a drawing at right angles are located by basic dimensions
and no angle is specified.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 2

Drawings & Tolerances
Title:

Tolerances Quiz
Please answer the following Multiple Choice questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Types of geometric controls that require a datum include:

(a) Form (b) Profile (c) Location
One type of geometric control that may or may not use a datum is:
(a) Form (b) Profile (c) Location
Metric dimensioning requires which of the following:
(a) Leading zeros for fractional decimal tolerances (b)
Trailing zeros for tolerances to one or two decimal places (c) Zeros to
match decimal places for upper/lower tolerances (d) (a) and (b) (e) (a)
and (c )
Using the MMC modifier on the tolerance in a feature control frame
allows:
(a) Datum Shift (b) Bonus Tolerance
(c) Location Tolerance
Coordinate dimensioning and tolerancing is appropriate for:
(a) Size (b) Chamfer (c) Radius (d) All of the above
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 2

Title:

Tolerances Quiz
6.
Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing is more appropriate for:

(a) Locating part features (b) Controlling angular
relationships (c) Defining form of part features (d) All of the above
7. Limitations of coordinate dimensioning and tolerancing do not
include:
(a) Square or rectangular tolerance zones (b) Bonus
tolerances (c) Implied datum references (d) Limited ability to communicate
functional relationships
8. Advantages of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing include:
(a) Specific datum references (b) Datum shift allowed for datum
features of size (c) Bonus tolerances allowed for features of size (d) All of the
above
9. According to ASME Y14.5M-1994, each dimension shall have a
tolerance except those identified as:
(a) Reference (b) Stock (c) Min or
Max (d) All of the above
10. According to ASME Y14.5M-1994, unless otherwise specified, all
dimensions apply:
(a) In free state condition (b) At 20 C (68 F)
(c) Clamped to their respective datums (d) (a) and (b) (e) (b) and (c)
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 2

Title:

Tolerances Discussion
A drawing should generally define a part by specifying
manufacturing
Methods whenever applicable.
A drawing should generally define a part without specifying
manufacturing methods. The exception is for parts or assemblies that
require very specific processing, such as heat treating, coating, or a very
specific sequence, in order to achieve the design intent.
All dimensions and tolerances apply in a clamped condition (except
for
those identified as non-rigid parts).
Parts or assemblies are to be measured in the free state condition. As
a practical matter, parts sometimes need to be lightly clamped. However,
if there are a number of clamps or significant restraining forces involved
in clamping the part for measurement, there should be a local or
general restraint note that specifies the location, amount, number,
direction, and sequence of clamping.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 2

Title:
Chapter 3 - Rules & Concepts

Quiz
Please write the Definitions of the following terms:
1.
Feature of
One cylindrical or spherical surface or a set of two
opposed
Size: elements or opposed parallel surfaces associated with a size
dimension.
2.
Rule
Where only a tolerance of size is specified, the limits of size
of #1:
an individual feature prescribe the extent to which variations in its
geometric form, as well as size, are allowed. (In short, size controls
form.)
3. Rule #2,
(#2) RFS applies, with respect to the individual
tolerance,
#2a: datum reference, or both, where no modifying symbol is
present (RFS is the default modifier.) (#2a) For a tolerance of position,
RFS may be specified on the drawing with respect to the individual
tolerance, datum reference, or both, as applicable.
4. Actual Local
The size at any cross section of a feature of size.
Actual Mating
5. Size:
The perfect feature counterpart that
Envelope:
just
fits the feature of size.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 3
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Concepts
Title: Rules &

Quiz
Please write the Definitions of the following terms:
6.
The condition in which a

Maximum Material
feature
of size contains
the maximum amount of material everywhere
Condition
(MMC):
within the stated limits of size.
7.
The condition in which a feature of

Least Material
size
contains the(LMC):
least amount of material everywhere within the stated
Condition
limits of size.
A term that indicates a geometric

Regardless of Feature
tolerance
applies at any increment of size of the feature of size.
Size (RFS):
9.
A numerical value used to describe the theoretically
Basic
exact
size, profile, orientation, or location of a feature or datum target. It
Dimension:
8.
is the basis from which permissible variations are established by

tolerances on other dimensions, in notes, or in feature control frames.
10. Virtual
A constant size boundary generated by the
collective
effects of a feature of size specified at MMC or LMC and the
Condition:
geometric tolerance for that material condition.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 3
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Concepts
Title: Rules &

Quiz
1.
TTypical features of size are a hole and a width of a part from which an axis or
centerplane, respectively, could be derived.

2. TCertain geometric controls only apply to features of size.
3. TA bonus tolerance applies when a feature of size is toleranced with an
appropriate geometric control and the MMC or LMC modifier is used.
4. FBonus tolerancing applies by default whenever position tolerancing is used.
5. FActual mating envelope is the largest counterpart that just fits the high
points of a feature of size of a component.
6. FThe least material condition size of a hole measuring 10.0 10.5 is 10.0.
7. TAt MMC the part feature completely fills the tolerance space to the point that
the amount of material in the part is maximized.
8. TWhen the MMC modifier is applied to an internal feature (such as a hole)
which is controlled with position tolerancing, that feature gets virtually
smaller.
9. FDatum shift applies when a datum feature of size is modified at MMC or RFS.
10. Actual local size is typically measured with a two-point gage such as
T
calipers
or micrometers.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 3
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Concepts
Title: Rules &

Quiz
11. T Rule #1 applies to all features of size whenever ASME Y14.5M-1994 is
invoked on a drawing.
12. T Using straightness of an axis or a note such as PERFECT FORM AT MMC
NOT REQUIRED are two ways to override Rule #1.
13. T Two exceptions to Rule #1 are non-rigid (flexible) part features and
stock sizes.
F Rule #1 controls the interrelationship between features of size.
14.
T
15.
The MMC size of a feature is checked by a GO gage to verify the
boundary condition.
F
16.
The LMC size of a feature is checked by a full form gage.
T
17.
Rule #2 states that RFS is the default modifier for both tolerances and
datums
if no modifier is used in the feature control frame.
T
18.
The default feature for screw threads, whether it is a datum feature or
the
F feature being controlled, is its pitch diameter or pitch cylinder.
19.
The default feature for gears and splines, like screw threads, is the pitch
diameter.
T
20.
The tolerance for a basic dimension is typically contained in one or
more feature control frames.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 3
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Concepts
Title: Rules &
10

Quiz
On the drawing below, circle the dimensions that
are controlled by Rule #1.
Angle
Sides are
-- Not a
30 FOS
2.
2
5
X
2.
4
4.
4
4.
2
Locatin
g
dimensi
Martinrea GD&T
18.
6
18.
3.
4X0
0
2.
8
Chapter: 3
not
opposed
-- Not a
FOS
10.0
10.6
d | 0.3 | A
The tolerances not

circled may locate
features, but the
9.
features do not have
4
opposed elements or
9.
opposed parallel
1
surfaces.
So they
are
Section: 1 Rev: - Date:
8/1/13 Title:
Rules &
11
Concepts
not features of size.

Quiz
Fill in the requested MMC, LMC, or Virtual
Condition (VC) sizes in the figures below.
MMC =
6.6
5.5
5.7
MMC =
5.5
LMC =5.7
16.
8
15.
6
Martinrea GD&T
LMC
6.4
=
VC
7.3
=
6.4
6.6
u | n0.7m
MMC =16.
8
15.
LMC =
6
Chapter: 3
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Concepts
Title: Rules &
12

Discussion
Bonus tolerancing applies by default whenever position
tolerancing is
used.
This did, in fact, apply in some of the earlier Y14.5 standards prior to 1982.
However, in current standards (1994 and 2009), the MMC modifier must be
applied to the tolerance block to allow bonus tolerancing.
Actual mating envelope is the largest counterpart that just fits the
high points of a feature of size of a component.
Not quite! Actual mating envelope is the perfect feature counterpart that
just fits the high points of the feature of sizethe largest pin gage that just fits a
hole, the smallest ring gage that just fits around a shaft, the largest gage block
that just fits into a slot, or the smallest vice-shaped (horseshoe or U-shaped)
gage that just fits around a tab.
The least material condition size of a hole measuring 10.0 10.5

is
10.0.
A diameter of 10.0 is the MMC size, not the LMC size. The LMC size for an
internal feature is the largest size in the tolerance range.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 3
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Concepts
Title: Rules &
13

Discussion
Datum shift applies when a datum feature of size is modified at
MMC
Or RFS.
Not quite correct. Datum shift applies when a datum feature of size is
modified at MMC or LMC. (MMC is used far more often than LMC.)
Rule #1 controls the interrelationship between features of size.

Rule #1 only applies to individual features of size.
The LMC size of a feature is checked by a full form gage.

LMC features are checked by 2-point gages; MMC features are checked
by full form GO gages.
The default feature for gears and splines, like screw threads, is
the
pitch diameter.
Gears and splines are different. You must specify the feature to be
controlled (minor diameter, major diameter, or pitch diameter).
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 3
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Concepts
Title: Rules &
14
Chapter 4 Form Controls Quiz

Please state whether the following are legal or illegal
usages of form controls and explain why:
1. Illegal no modifiers!
2. Legal
3. Illegal no datum allowed
4. Legal (for feature of size)
5. Illegal no datum allowed
8. Legal
10.Legal
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 4
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Controls
Title: Form
15

1.
TOf the four form controls, only straightness can affect the worst case
boundary.
2. TThe tolerance zone shape for cylindricity is two concentric cylinders.
3. TA size limit of 10.2 10.8 applied to a feature of size with two parallel sides
requires the flatness of either side to not exceed 0.6.
4. TThe MMC modifier may be applied to the tolerance when using straightness
an axis or centerplane.
5. TThe tolerance zone shape for circularity is two concentric circles.
6. FA flatness control may be applied to a feature of size.
7. FWhen straightness is applied to a feature of size, the size tolerance may be
overridden.
8. TFour different methods may be used to establish the center of a circle when
measuring out-of-roundness
9. FThe diameter symbol must be used when applying a circularity tolerance to
circular feature.
10. FFor a planar feature of size (slot width of 4.8 5.0) and a straightness
tolerance of 0.5 at MMC, the virtual condition size is 5.5.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 4
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Controls
Title: Form
of
16

Please answer the following questions referencing
the drawing below:
Side
B
Side
A
20.
4
19.
0
Side
C
c | 0.6
35.
6
c | 0.4
34.
Side
8
D
1. Max Side A flatness 0.4
=
Note: Flatness
2. Max Side B flatness1.4
= = (20.4 does not affect
3. Max Side C flatness19.0)
= = (35.6
0.8
Worst Case
4. Max Side D flatness34.8)
=
0.6
Boundary!
5. Worst case boundary of (19.0 20.4)
20.4
dimension =
35.6
6. Worst case
boundary
of 1(34.8
Chapter:
4 Section:
Rev: - 35.6)
Date: 8/1/13 Title: Form
Martinrea GD&T
dimension =
Controls
17

Please fill in the requested MMC, LMC, or Virtual
Condition (VC) sizes in the figures below.
5.5 5.7
u | 0.3m
MMC =5.5
LMC
=5.7
VC
=
5.2
15.6 16.8
u | 0.2m
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 4
MMC =16.
8
15.
LMC =
6
VC
=
17.
0
Section: 1
MMC = 6.
7
LMC =6.
5
VC
=7.
4
6.5
6.7
u | n0.7m
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Controls
Title: Form
18
Please fill in the table referencing the drawing below:
3.
2
3.
0
B 6.3
6.7
u | n0.7m
A
u | 0.3
16.7 16.9
Referen Straightness control

ce
applied to Surface
Dim at
or Feature of Size?
Letter
A
B
Surfac
e
Feature of
Size
Feature
of
Size
C
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 4
Virtual
Condition or
Outer
Boundary is
3.2
7.4
17.4
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Controls
Does
Rule #1
apply to
the FOS?
Yes
No
No
Title: Form
19

C 6.5
Please Add the following to the partial drawing below:
6.7
3.
B
2
u | n0.3m
3.
0
A 8.7 8.9
16.7 16.9
g | 0.05
u | n0.4m
E
c | 0.7
1. Form control to diameter A that will allow the virtual condition of the
diameter to be 9.3. The control should allow a bonus tolerance.
2. Form control to diameter B that will allow the virtual condition of the
diameter to be 2.7. The control should allow a bonus tolerance.
3. Form control to diameter C to limit the straightness of the surface
elements to 0.08 maximum.
4. Form control to diameter D to limit the cylindricity to 0.05 maximum.
5. Form control to surface E to allow a maximum flatness error of 0.7.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 4
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Controls
Title: Form
20
Chapter 4 Form Controls

Discussion
A flatness control may be applied to a feature of size .
Technically, it cant apply to a feature of size. It can apply to one surface of
a feature of size. But if it applied to a feature of size, it would have to apply
to the centerplane, which is what the straightness control is used for in the
ASME Y14.5M-1994 standard.
When straightness is applied to a feature of size, the size

tolerance
may be overridden.
Not quite! It isnt the size tolerance that is overridden but Rule #1 that is
overridden. This allows the Virtual Condition size of a feature of size to be
smaller or larger than the size tolerance would allow if governed by Rule #1.
The diameter symbol must be used when applying a circularity

tolerance to a circular feature.
No modifiers may be used with circularity. In fact, the tolerance zone is not
circular or cylindrical, anyway, but is the annular space between two
concentric circles.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 4
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Controls
Title: Form
21
Chapter 4 Form Controls

Discussion
For a planar feature of size (slot width of 4.8 5.0)
and a straightness
tolerance of 0.5 at MMC, the virtual condition size
is 5.5.
That would be correct for an external feature. However,
for a slot, an internal feature, the virtual condition size
is the MMC size minus the geometric tolerance, or (4.8
0.5) = 4.3.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 4
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Controls
Title: Form
22
Chapter 5 Planar Datums/Targets Quiz

1.
T A datum is a theoretically exact point, axis, or plane derived from the
true geometric counterpart of a specified datum feature.

2. T Parts or assemblies may have multiple datum reference frames.
T The size and shape of datum targets must be specified for datum target
3.
areas.
F
4.
A datum target symbol exists on the part feature.
T
5.
A planar surface used as a primary datum constrains 3 degrees of
F
freedom.
6. T When we gage a part feature we must always constrain 6 degrees of
freedom of the part.
7. T A gage pin with a flat surface perpendicular to the gage pins axis could
be
T used as a datum simulator for a datum target area.
8.
Datum targets may include points, lines, or areas.
9. T The dimension origin symbol tells us which side a measurement is to be
made from, i.e., which side is the datum side.
10. Basic dimensions are used to define the location of datum targets
mainly to enhance the repeatability of measurements.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 5

Datums / Targets
Title: Planar
23

11. T4-Way datums are used for cylindrical features that are primary or
secondary datums on a part.
12. FOnly 3 datum targets may be used for a primary datum.
13. TThe edge of a gage pin may be used to simulate a datum target line.
14. TIf datum targets are used for the primary datum, all 6 degrees of
freedom of the part must be constrained to stabilize the part.
15. FThe top half of a datum target symbol contains both the letter and the
number of the datum target.
F
16. Datum target areas should always match the shape of the part datum
feature.
T
17. 2-Way datums are only designed to constrain a part in one
direction,
such
T as only in the X-direction or only in the Y-direction.
18. FA part could be totally constrained by using 6 datum target points.
19. A hole used as a secondary datum constrains 3 degrees of freedom if the
primary
datum is a planar surface.
T
20. The 6 degrees of freedom involve 3 degrees of rotation and 3
degrees
of translation.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 5

Datums / Targets
Title: Planar
24

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Datum targets are used for the following reasons:

(a) Part stability (b) Accessibility to other features to be measured (c) To mimic
mating part contact (d) All of the above
Datum target areas shown on a drawing are:
(a) Cross hatched and outlined in phantom lines (b) Cross hatched and outline in
solid lines (c) Hatched and outlined in phantom lines (d) None of the above
Ways to specify a part surface as a planar datum include:
(a) Datum symbol attached directly to the surface (b) Datum symbol attached to
a dimension line from the surface (c) Datum symbol attached to an extension line
from the surface (d) Datum symbol attached to a feature control frame controlling
flatness of the surface (e) (a), (b), and (c ) (f) All of the above
If we were to restrain all degrees of freedom of a part except rotation
about the Z-axis, we would be constraining how many degrees of
freedom?:
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 3
If we used 3 datum target areas for a primary datum , we could label
them:
(a) B1, B2, B3 (b) A1, A2, A4 (c) A1, B1, C1
(d) None of the above
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 5

Datums / Targets
Title: Planar
25

Please answer the questions regarding the
figure below:
B
A
23.
2
16.
8
15.
6
6
C
c | 0.3
6.5 j | n0.5m | C | A | B
(Applies to LH
View)
6.4
1. Which degrees of freedom do the following datums constrain

(X, Y, Z translation and X, Y, Z rotation):
1. A A (secondary 2 DOF) Rotation about X,
2. B Translation
B (tertiary) along
Translation
Z
(primary
3 DOF) Rotation about Y, Rotation about
3. C C
along
Y
Translation
along X
2. Which Z,
datum
is primary?
Datum
C (it appears first in the feature
control frame)
3. How many datum target points would be required to define
2
datum A?
points
Chapter: 5 Section: 1 Rev: - Date: 8/1/13 Title: Planar
26
Martinrea GD&T
Datums / Targets
Chapter 5 Planar Datums/Targets Discussion

A datum target symbol exists on the part feature.
A datum target is a symbol used to describe the size,
shape, and location of gage elements. A datum target
does not exist on the part!
When we gage a part feature we must always constrain 6
degrees of freedom of the
part.
Not always. In one example in the chapter we
constrained 5 degrees of freedom. For simple controls,
such as coaxiality to a single axis, we would constrain 4
degrees of freedom. Any free degrees of freedom may
be used to locate or orient the part to meet the specified
tolerance.
Only 3 datum targets may be used for a primary datum.
Most typically, 3 datum targets are used for a primary
datum. However, sometimes more than 3 are required to
stabilize a non-rigid (flexible) part. If the part or feature
is flexible, a restraint note, either general or local, should
also be applied to the drawing.
Martinrea
GD&T
The top half
of a datum target symbol
both the
Datumscontains
/ Targets
27
Chapter 5 Planar Datums/Targets Discussion

Datum target areas should always match the shape of the
part datum feature.
Often they do. However, they are certainly not required
to. Sometimes the datum target area only covers part of
the feature area. A typical case is when a datum target
area is used to match the area and location of a mating
part such as a bracket face or a bolt flange.
On the other end of the spectrum, sometimes the datum
target area is made larger than the feature area as when
a datum target area is made 4 to 5 mm larger in diameter
than the OD of a subframes mounting rings. This
ensures that the part features (mounting rings in this
case) will contact the datum targets even if they are out
of their allowed location tolerance by a little bit.
A hole used as a secondary datum constrains 3 degrees of
freedom if the primary
datum is a planar surface.
As a primary datum the axis of a hole actually constrains
4 degrees
a secondary datum with a
Martinrea
GD&T of freedom. But as Datums
/ Targets
28
Chapter 6 Datum Features of Size Quiz

1.
2.
FThe MMC modifier can be assumed to apply to any features of size.

TA datum simulator for an internal datum feature of 10.2 10.4 modified at
MMC would have a size of 10.2 and be at least as long as the part feature.
3. TCoaxial cylindrical datum features (typically two but theoretically more than
two) can be combined to establish a (compound) datum axis.
4. FThe amount of datum shift is generally determined by the size tolerance of a
datum feature of size modified at RFS.
5. TDatum shift = Gage Size Actual Mating Size (of datum features).
6. TWhen referencing datum features of size, both the datum sequence and the
datum modifiers must be specified.
7. T
Two effects of using the MMC modifier on datum features of size are that (1)
functional gaging may be used and (2) the part may be loose in the gage.
8. F
A datum simulator for an external datum feature of 10.2 10.4 would have a
size of 10.4 and be at least as long as the part feature.
9. T
Datum feature simulators are physical gage elements such as arbors, chucks,
adjustable gages with parallel surfaces, pins, holes, and planar surfaces.
10. F
The looseness of a part in a gage which represents a datum feature of size
modified at MMC is called bonus tolerance.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 6

Features of Size
Title: Datum
29

Please fill in the correct answer to the following questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Two FOS (Feature Of Size) types that can be used as datum features are
_________
Planaand _____________.
Cylindric
When
is used as a datum feature, a datum
_________ is
r a diameter al
Axi
established. When a planar FOS is used as a datum feature,
a datum
s Centerpla
_________________ is established.
ne
Two ways a feature control frame can communicate the size condition for
a datum reference are
_________ and the use of a material condition
Rule
Modifi
_________.
#2
er
Two ways a planar FOS can be identified as a datum feature are:
Dimensi
The datum identification symbol can replace one side of a ___________ line
on
and arrowhead.
Extensio
The datum identification symbol can be touching the _________ line on the
n
opposite side of the dimension line arrowhead of a FOS.
Three ways a diameter can be specified as a datum feature are:
Surfa
The datum ID symbol can be touching the ___________ of a diameter.
ce
The datum ID symbol can be touching the beginning of aDimensi
___________ line.
on
Feature Control
The datum ID symbol can be touching a ______________________
.
Frame
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 6

Features of Size
Title: Datum
30

Please answer the questions regarding the figure
below:
6.5
j | n1m | A | Bm | C
C
23.
2
6.4
16.
8
16.
3
c | 0.3
1. What is the maximum datum shift available for the

0.5 hole?
(from Datum B
The centerplane
of the MMC (16.8)
2. Describe Datum
B:
sizewidth
tol)
3. Sketch the functional gage, showing the part in the16.8
gage:
Datum Plane C
(right side of
purple surface)
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 6
Datum
Plane A
(blue
surface)
Datum
Centerplane B
Section: 1 Rev: - Date: 8/1/13(from
Title:green
Datum
side rails)
Features of Size
31

below:
A
6.4 6.6
8.5
8.3
27
28
1. What is the maximum datum shift available?
(0.4) from Datum A (0.2 from Size Tol + 0.2 from
Straightness
Tol) denotes
*
2. What
in the drawing
that datum shift is available?
The MMC modifier next to datum A in the Counterbore
feature
3. Sketch
thecontrol
datum frame.
feature simulator for establishing datum axis
28
A:that this is a special case (axis
* Note
MIN
straightness applied to
datum),
which means we use the Virtual Condition

8.7
size of 8.7 instead of
the MMC size.
Chapter: 6 Section: 1 Rev: - Date: 8/1/13 Title: Datum
Martinrea
Therefore, GD&T
(8.7 8.3) = 0.4.
Features of Size
32

Reference the drawing below. For the feature control
frame shown, draw the datum feature simulator for
establishing datum plane B, datum axis A, and datum
centerplane C.
2.0
1.8
6.5
6.4
20.
5
20.
0
A
C
B
Note that all

datums are
referenced RFS
by Rule #2!
Martinrea GD&T
Datum
B
(Plane)
Adjustable Size
(Chuck or similar
device)
6Datum
Chapter:
Section:A1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Features of Size
Datum C
Slot
Width Adjusta
ble
Size
Title: Datum
33
Chapter 6 Datum Features of Size Discussion

The MMC modifier can be assumed to apply to any features of
size.
This used to be the ruleback in the 1960s! It hasnt
applied for decades. The current requirement in the 1994
(and 2009) Y14.5 standard is that RFS is the default
modifier by Rule #2. If we want to use the MMC modifiers
for bonus tolerances and the ability to use functional
gages, we must make sure the MMC modifier is applied to
all controlled features and datum features of size.
The amount of datum shift is generally determined by the
size tolerance of a
datum
feature of size modified at RFS.
Datum shift is determined by the size tolerance of a
datum feature of size modified at MMC or LMC. (LMC
usage is rare; MMC usage is important!)
A datum simulator for an external datum feature of 10.2
10.4 would have a
size of 10.4 and be at least as long as the part feature.
This is a bit ofChapter:
a trick6 question.
That would be correct if it
Section: 1 Rev: - Date: 8/1/13 Title: Datum
Martinrea
GD&T the datum feature Features
had stated
of sizeofwere
Size modified at
34
Chapter 7 Orientation Controls

Quiz
usages of orientation controls and explain why:
Legal
1. _______________
Legal
2. _______________
Legal
3. _______________
Legal
4. _______________
Legal
5. _______________
Legal
6. _______________
Legal
7. _______________
Illegal RFS modifier*
8. _______________
Legal
9. _______________
Illegal No
Datum
10._______________
Martinrea GD&T
* RFS modifier can only be used on Position

(Rule #2a)
Chapter: 7

Orientation Controls
Title:
35

Quiz
1. ___ T
If the tangent plane modifier is used on a planar feature, the flatness of
the feature is not controlled.
2. ___ T
Orientation controls must refine higher level controls.
3. ___ T
An orientation tolerance of 0.4 applied to a surface requires the flatness
of the surface to not exceed 0.4.
T
4. ___ Size limits indirectly control parallelism of planar features of size to no
greater
F than the size tolerance.
5. ___ The tangent plane modifier may only be applied to parallelism.
T
6. ___ Any of the orientation controls may be applied to a feature of size.
T
7. ___ If applied to a feature of size, the
and modifiers are
allowed,
but the
modifier is notfor any orientation control.
F
8. ___ Size limits indirectly control orientation of planar features of size to no
T than the size tolerance.
greater
9. ___ A perpendicularity tolerance may come from a feature control frame,
butTit may also come from a general note or the title block.
10.___ All orientation controls limit flatness of controlled surfaces to no greater
than the orientation tolerance (unless the tangent plane modifier is used).
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 7

Title:
36

Quiz
Please examine the geometric controls at each location (1

7). On the next page indicate if it is a legal specification. If
illegal, explain why.
Leg
al
Illegal Feature isnt

Parallel!
Leg
al
Illegal No
Datum
Leg
al
Martinrea
GD&T
Illegal
Parallel
to
Itself!
Illegal Missing
Symbol
Chapter: 7

Title:
37

Quiz
Please answer the following questions referencing
the drawing below:
f | 0.2
Surfac
eB
20 21
c | 0.6
|AT
35.
6
34.
Surface
8
A
0. to _____.
1. The flatness of Surface A is limited
16 (from
the size
2. The flatness of Surface B is limited
to _____.
3. Describe the shape and size of tolerance)
the tolerance zone for the
Two parallel
planes 0.2 apart that float within the
parallelism
control
size tolerance zone.
______________________________________________________________.
modifier
limits the
tangent
plane to a
4. What The
effect does
the
modifier
inside
the parallelism
control
parallelism
have on
the part? tolerance of 0.2. However, it does not
Chapter: 7 Section: 1 Rev: - Date: 8/1/13 Title:
control flatness
of Surface
B.
Martinrea
GD&T
_________________________________________________________.
38

Quiz
Use the instructions to complete the drawing below:

A
f | 0.3 | B
b | n0.1m | B
3.
2
3.
0
6.7
9.6
B
9.4
16.7 16.9
6.3
A
b | 0.2 | A
B
1. Add a control to surface A that limits its perpendicularity to datum A
to 0.2.
2. Add a control to section B that makes it parallel to datum B within
0.3.
3. Add a control to diameter C that makes its axis perpendicular to
datum BGD&T
within a 0.1 cylindrical
tolerance
zone when diameter C is at39
Martinrea

Discussion
The tangent plane modifier may only be applied to
parallelism.
The tangent plane modifier applies to all of the
orientation controls: parallelism, angularity, and
perpendicularity. (It also can be applied to profile of a
surface.)
Size limits indirectly control orientation of planar
features
of size to no greater than the size tolerance.
Size limits (combined with Rule #1) indirectly control
parallelism of opposed surfaces of a feature of size.
However, size limits have no effect on
perpendicularity or angularity.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 7

Title:
40
Chapter 8-1 Position Controls

Quiz
Please state whether the following are
legal or illegal usages of position controls
and explain why:
1. Legal
2. Illegal, Tangent Plane
Modifier not allowed
3. Legal
4. Legal
5. Legal
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 8

Position Controls
Title:
41

Quiz
1. ___ Position
controls are applied to features of size.
T
2. ___ Both
T bonus tolerance and datum shift are possible with position tolerancing
if the MMC modifier is used on the tolerance and any datum features of size.
3. ___ Features
of size that are shown at 90 to their primary datum and located by
T
basic dimensions have an implied basic 90 angle to their primary datum.
4. ___ Orientation
is not limited by position tolerancing.
F
5. ___ The tangent plane modifier
may not be used with position tolerancing.
T
6. ___ Virtual condition is a combination of size and location.
T
7. ___ MMC is the default modifier for position tolerancing. That is, if no modifier is
F
specified, the default for position tolerancing is MMC.
8. ___ The best way to verify a position tolerance at MMC for two coaxial holes using
T datum concept (holes are both the datum and the controlled feature) is to
the self
use functional gaging.
9. ___ Any basic dimension used to locate a feature of size for a position control must
T
emanate
from a datum (surface, axis, or centerplane).
10.___ The MMC modifier should be specified whenever the function of the part is
T
assembly.
11.___ The two most common tolerance zones for position tolerancing are two parallel
T or a cylinder.
planes
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 8

Position Controls
Title:
42
Chapter 8-1 Position Controls Quiz
1.
The two types of implied basic relationships used by position

tolerancing
area_________
and ______________.
a 90
0
A
position control
for a hole of 4.4 4.8 with a 0.3 position
angle
dimension
tolerance modified at MMC
creates
a _______________________of 4.1.
virtual
condition
The _________
theory is most
in RFS position tolerancing
sizecommon
hole
axi
applications.
s
Position tolerancing may permit additional tolerancing in three
cylindrical
bonus
datum
ways: _______________________ , ______________, and ___________.
tolerance zone
tolerance
shift
Position tolerancing with MMC should be used when the function of a
assem
part
is _____________.
bly
Name three conditions that exist when an MMC modifier is used in a
tolerance of position application:
bonus
1. A ____________
tolerance is permissible.
function gage may be used.
2. A ____________
3. Theal
tolerance zone is considered
a ______________ zone.
boundar
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
y
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 8

Position Controls
Title:
43

below:
6.5
j | n1m | A | Bm | C
C
23.
2
6.4
16.
8
16.
3
c | 0.3
0.1the
(size
1. What is the maximum bonus tolerance available for
hole?
0.5 tolerance)
(datum size
___________________.
2. What is the maximum datum shift available fortolerance)
the hole?
Datum
_______________________.
A in the gage:
3. Sketch the
functional gage, showing the part
Datum
C
Simulat
or B
Datum
Centerpl
ane
Martinrea GD&T
Simulat
or
16.
8
8.
4
Chapter: 8

Position Controls
Title:
44

Please fill in the charts at the bottom regarding the
drawing below:
12.6
12.2
30
6.2
6.4
22
15.2
16.0
Slot
Size
(AME)
MMC
6.2
Po Bon
s
us
To Tol
l
0.
3
0.
0.1
Martinrea GD&T
Tot
al
Tol
0.3
VC
Size
5.9
Chapter:
8
0.4
5.9
Hole
Size
(AME)
Po
s
Tol
Bonu
s Tol
MMC
12.2
0.4
0.4
11.8
0.4
0.2
0.6
11.8
Section:
1 Rev: - Date: 8/15/13
12.4
Position Controls
Tota VC
l Tol Size
Title:
45

Quiz
For the partial drawing below:

Apply a flatness tolerance of 0.02 to datum A.
Position the slot to a tolerance of 0.4 at MMC to datums A, B,
and C.
Position the hole to a tolerance of 0.3 at MMC to datums A, B,
and C.
Refine the position tolerance on the hole with a
perpendicularity tolerance of 0.1 at12.9
MMC to datum A.
12.6
36
7.3
7.5
32
Martinrea GD&T
22
Chapter: 8

Position Controls
Title:
46

Quiz
Referencing the drawing below:
3.
2
3.
0
6.
5
6.
3
16.7 16.9
1. Make the 3.0-3.2 and 6.3-6.5 features both datums.

2. Position the 16.7-16.9 cylindrical feature to the compound
datum created in step 1 to a position tolerance of 0.3 at MMC.
Both datums should also be modified at MMC.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 8

Position Controls
Title:
47

Quiz
Referencing the partial drawing below:
24.
3X
7
24.
1
1. Using the self-datum concept to make the three 24.1 24.7
features coaxial within 0.3 at MMC.
2. Sketch the functional gage for the resulting part.
25 Ring
Gage
Ring Gage
must be at
least as long as
the longest
part length,
includingChapter: 8 Section: 1 Rev: - Date: 8/15/13
Martinrea GD&T
Position Controls
Title:
48

Discussion
Orientation is not limited by position tolerancing.
Remember that Position is a combination of
Translation and Orientation. We use Orientation
tolerancing to refine position tolerancing. A
typical example is using perpendicularity of a hole
to refine the position of a hole in a part. The
Orientation tolerance must always be smaller than
the position tolerance.
MMC is the default modifier for position

tolerancing. That is, if no modifier is specified,
the default for position tolerancing is MMC.
By Rule #2 RFS is the default tolerance for any
geometric control if no modifier is specified.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 8

Position Controls
Title:
49

Quiz
Please state whether the following are legal
or illegal usages of position controls and
explain why:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Legal
Illegal, datum order not the
same in upper & lower segments
Illegal, lower tolerance must be less
than upper tolerance
Legal
Illegal, different datum introduced
in lower segment
Illegal, different modifier on datum
B in upper and lower segments
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 8

Position Controls
Title:
50

Quiz
Statements 3 and 7 are FALSE. The rest are TRUE.
T height of the tolerance zone for a projected tolerance zone should
1. ___ The
equal the max height of the mating part.
T floating fastener assembly is where two or more components are held
2. ___ A
together with fasteners, and all components have clearance holes for the
fasteners.
F
3. ___ A designer should consider the use of the LMC modifier to control a
maximum distance on a part.
T the fixed or floating fastener formulas H stands for the MMC size of
4. ___ In
the clearance hole, and F stands for the MMC size of the fastener.
T
5. ___ In a zero tolerance at MMC application all of the location tolerance is
derived from the bonus tolerance.
T
6. ___ More flexibility for manufacturing and preventing the rejection of useable
parts are two reasons to use zero position tolerancing at MMC.
F
7. ___ With only one datum specified a tolerance of position can control the
location, spacing, and orientation of a pattern of holes in a rectangular part.
T
8. ___ A fixed fastener assembly is where the fasteners are restrained in one of
the components of the assembly, usually by a threaded hole or by a press-fit
condition.
T
9. ___ For a fixed fastener assembly with a bolt size of M10 and a clearance hole
of 12.5, if we apply 60% of the available position tolerance to the
clearance hole, its tolerance
will8 beSection:
1.5 at2MMC.
Chapter:
Rev: - Date: 8/15/13 Title:
Martinrea GD&T
Position Controls
51
1.
The mating part for a projected tolerance zone has a height of 23.5-24.5.
The projected tolerance zone height should be at24.
least _________.
State the formula for a fixed fastener mating part5application where
unequal tolerances are applied to the threaded and clearance
H = Fholes:
+ T1
______________.
+ T2
In Virtual
a zero tolerance at MMC application the MMC size is equal to the
________________________
size.
Condition
The lower portion
of a composite position tolerance controls spacing
Orientati
between features
on and ___________ to the referenced datums.
When
two parts mate with the same pattern of clearance holes the
Floating
_______________ formula should be+0.2
used. +0.2
Fastener
0
0
An elongated hole of dimensions 10
X 20
is controlled by
bidirectional position tolerancing with the MMC modifier applied with a
tolerance of 0.5 in each direction with the BOUNDARY notation beneath
each feature control frame.
Functio
a) A ____________ gage may be used to verify the location of the
nal
elongated hole.
9.5 x
b) The gage pin dimensions would be ______________.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 8
19.5

Position Controls
Title:
52
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

For a pattern of holes controlled by a position tolerance all holes in
the pattern must be within their toleranceSimultaneous
zones
______________________.
ly
Simultaneous
The _____________________________applies whenever patterns and/or
Requirement
features are controlled by Position or Profile controls with the same
datum references in the same sequence and with the same
material condition modifiers applied to any datum features of size.
The biggest advantage of simultaneous requirement default is that
One for ____ _________________ setup.
it allows
The Measurement
simultaneous requirement default can be overridden by
applying the
notation ______________underneath the affected feature
SEP
control frame(s).
REQT
Lowe
The simultaneous requirement does not apply to the _____________
r
Compos
o
Segme
Contr
____________ ___ ______________ ______________ .
ite
f
nt
ols
The biggest advantage of using multiple single-segment position
Flexibili is
controls rather than composite position tolerancing
ty
________________.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 8

Position Controls
Title:
53

Datum
below:
B
Datum
A
3
6
4X
R
2
2
2 10.
X 4
10.
BOUNDA
2
RY
4
0
2 24
X 22
(10.0 X 20.6)
Datum
Gage Pins
C
Located at
Basic 0.2 vertical; 2
1. What is the maximum bonus tolerance available
for the slots?
Dimensions
BOUNDARY
horizontal
0.4
vertical; 3.4
_____________________.
2. What is the maximum total tolerance available horizontal
for the slots?
______________________.
Martinrea
GD&T
3.
Sketch the
functional gage, showing the
part
in the gage:
Position
Controls
54

Quiz
Position the pattern of (4) holes within 0.4 at MMC to datums A, B, and C,
respectively.
Also control the (4) hole pattern to be perpendicular to datum A and
Datum Plane C
parallel to datum B within 0.2 at MMC.
(Fixed)
Sketch the gages for the position controls just created.
Drawi
ng
1
4
1
6
4.8
4X
4.6
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 8
PLTZF
(Upper
)
Pins
4.
2
FRTZF
(Lower
)
Pins
4.
4
Position Controls
Datum
Plane
A
Datum
Plane
B
(Fixed
)
Datum
Plane
A
Datum
Plane B
Slides
Up &
Title: Down
55

Quiz
Referencing the drawing below:

1
0
1
2
A
2X
5.
6
5.
5
Position the holes to datum A (primary) and B (secondary) at MMC

within 0.4 at MMC. Apply a coaxiality tolerance to the holes
with a zero tolerance at MMC.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 8

Position Controls
Title:
56

Quiz
Reference the drawings below. Assume that 70% of the available

tolerance will be applied to the threaded holes. Fill in the position
tolerance for each part:
0.1
5
Martinrea GD&T
H = F + T1 + T2 or
0.3
5
8.5 = 8 + (T1 + T2)

T1 + T2 = 0.5 = Total.
70% = 0.35.
Chapter:
8 Section:
2 Rev: - Date: 8/15/13
T1 =
0.15 and
T2 = 0.35
Position Controls
Title:
57

Discussion
A designer should consider the use of the LMC
modifier to control a maximum distance on a
part.
The opposite is true. The LMC modifier is typically
used to control minimum wall thickness or a minimum
distance on a part.
With only one datum specified a tolerance of
position can control the location, spacing, and
orientation of a pattern of holes in a
rectangular part.
With only one datum specified a tolerance of position
can control spacing between holes and orientation
(perpendicularity to the primary datum) of the pattern
of holes, but not locationnot enough datums!
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 8

Position Controls
Title:
58
Chapter 9 Concentricity & Symmetry

Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

usages of concentricity and symmetry controls and explain
why:
Illegal, MMC modifier not allowed and
missing () symbol
Illegal, MMC modifier not allowed
Legal
Illegal, missing () symbol
Illegal, MMC modifier not allowed
Legal
Illegal, MMC modifiers not allowed
Illegal, no datum reference
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 9

Concentricity & Symmetry
Title:
59
Chapter 9 Concentricity &

Symmetry Quiz
T tolerance zone for a concentricity control is a cylinder that is centered

1. ___ The
about the datum axis.
T
2. ___ Neither
a bonus tolerance nor datum shift are possible with concentricity or
symmetry controls as they are both applied strictly RFS.
T
3. ___ When
inspecting a concentricity control you must determine and verify the
location of a features median points.
F
4. ___ Symmetry
can allow the MMC modifier to be applied to the datum but not
to the toleranced feature.
T symmetry control must be applied to two or more feature surfaces that
5. ___ A
are centered about the datum centerplane.
T inspect symmetry you must compare the location of a features median
6. ___ To
points to the tolerance zone.
F difference between concentricity and total runout is concentricity is
7. ___ The
easier to inspect.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 9

Title:
60
Chapter 9 Concentricity & Symmetry Quiz
1.
The difference between concentricity and position (applied RFS) is

ofthe
the_______________ must be within the
that with position axis
at RFS
median
AME
tolerance zone and
with
concentricity the ______________ of the
toleranced diameterpoints
must be within the tolerance zone.
cylinde
The tolerance zone for concentricity is
a _____________ which applies
median
r
to the ____________________ of the toleranced diameter.
points
median
One difference between symmetry and position tolerancing
is
centerpla
points
______________ versus __________________ being controlled.
ne
A median point is the midpoi
_______________ of a two-point measurement.
nt
two
parallel
The tolerance zone for symmetry
is __________________
which apply to
median
planes
the ____________________ of the toleranced feature of size.
points
Three types of datum references used to establish the datum axis for
concentricity controls are:
Single diameter of sufficient length
1. _______________________
(usually
L/D > 1)
Two
diameters
2. _______________________
spaced
Surfaceapart
primary, diameter secondary
3. _______________________
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 9

Title:
61
Chapter 9 Concentricity & Symmetry Quiz

Please complete the following regarding the figure
below:
10.5
10.3
24.0
23.5
1. Make the slot centerplane a datum.

2. Locate the outer width symmetrical to the slot centerplane
within 0.2.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 9

Title:
62

Quiz

Make the axis of the 6.3-6.5 feature a datum.
Then make the right hand face (surface 1) a datum.
Make the 3.0-3.2 feature concentric to the two datums above
within a cylindrical tolerance zone of 0.1.
Make the 16.7-16.9 feature concentric to the two datums
above within a cylindrical tolerance zone of 0.2.
B
Remember
that for
short
datum
features we
make the
Surface
Primary and
Martinrea
the
Diameter
3.
2
3.
0
16.7 16.9
GD&T
Chapter: 9
6.
5
6.
3
Surface
1

Title:
63

Discussion
Symmetry can allow the MMC modifier to be
applied to the datum but not to the toleranced
feature.
Symmetry is applied strictly RFS. Neither the controlled
feature nor any datums can use the MMC (or LMC)
modifiers.
The difference between concentricity and total

runout is concentricity is easier to inspect.
Concentricity is actually more difficult to inspect than
total runout. The difference is in the shape of the
tolerance zone: two coaxial cylinders for total runout
and a single cylinder (containing the medial points) for
concentricity. Establishing the datum axis is done in
the same (3) ways for either control.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 9

Title:
64
Chapter 10 Runout Controls

Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

usages of runout controls and explain why:
Legal
Illegal, MMC not allowed
Illegal, () symbol not allowed
Legal
Legal
Illegal, MMC not allowed
Legal
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 10
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Controls
Title: Runout
65

Quiz
Please answer the following True/False questions (enter T or
F):
F
1. ___ TTotal runout controls size, orientation, and coaxiality.
2. ___ Neither a bonus tolerance nor datum shift are possible with circular
or total
runout controls as they are both applied strictly RFS.
F
3. ___ TCircular runout is less economical to use than total runout.
4. ___ The worst case boundary for an external cylindrical feature
controlled by a runout tolerance is equal to the features MMC size
plus
T the runout tolerance.
5. ___ When inspecting total runout applied to a diameter, the dial
indicator
is moved parallel to the datum axis as the part is rotated.
T
6. ___ To inspect circular runout you must measure several slices of the
surface
T
to determine the worst case deviation.
7. ___ TWhen applied to a diameter circular runout is not affected by taper.
8. ___ When inspecting circular runout the number of circular elements to
be checked is left to the discretion of the inspector.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 10
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Controls
Title: Runout
66
Chapter 10 Runout Controls Quiz

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Circular runout is a composite control that affects

_________
,
Form
Orientati
____________
, and _____________ of a part feature simultaneously.
Location
on
The shape of the tolerance zone for circular runout applied to a
Two
diameter is ____ ___________ __________whose centers are located on
Circl
Coaxia
Datu
Axis
the
________ _______.
es
l
m
Form
Orientati
Total runout is a composite control that affects
_________
,
Location
____________ , and _____________ of all surface elementson
of a part
feature simultaneously.
Two
The
shape of the
tolerance zone for total runout appliedDatu
to a diameter
Coaxia
Cylinde
Axis
is ____
l ___________rs__________whose centers are located on
mthe ________
_______.
Three types of datum references used to establish the datum axis for
Single diameter of sufficient length
either circular or total runout controls are:
(usually
L/D > 1)
Two diameters
1. _______________________
spaced
Surfaceapart
primary, diameter
2. _______________________
secondary
3. _______________________
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 10
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Controls
Title: Runout
67

Quiz
Make the axis of the 6.3-6.5 feature a datum.
Also make the 3.0-3.2 feature a datum.
Apply a circular runout tolerance to the tapered surface to the
compound datum created above with a tolerance of 0.2.
Apply a total runout tolerance of 0.4 to the 16.7-16.9 feature
to the compound datum.
B
A
3.
2
3.
0
Surface
1
16.7 16.9
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 10
6.
5
6.
3
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Controls
Title: Runout
68

Discussion
Total runout controls size, orientation, and coaxiality.
Total runout is a composite control that affects form
(cylindricity), orientation, and location (coaxiality), but it
doesnt control size.
Circular runout is less economical to use than total
runout.
Circular runout is actually more economical to inspect
than total runout. A circular runout control is one of the
easier geometric controls to inspect. Slices of the
feature are measured to determine the max and min
readings as the part is rotated. With total runout the
entire surface must be covered by the indicator in a
helical or spiraling pattern (part rotating and indicator
moving) which makes total runout a more involved and
more time consuming measurement.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 10
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Controls
Title: Runout
69
Chapter 11 Profile Controls

Quiz
usages of profile controls and explain why:
1.
Illegal, MMC not allowed to be applied

to tolerance
2. Legal
3. Illegal, MMC not allowed to be applied
To tolerance
4. Legal
5. Illegal, introduced new datum in
lower segment
6. Illegal, modifiers on B datum dont agree
7. Legal
8. Legal
9. Legal
10. Legal
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 11
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/15/13

Controls
Title: Profile
70

Quiz
1. ___ Composite
profile tolerancing may be used to control the orientation and
T
location of a feature or pattern of features to different tolerances.
T multiple single-segment profile control may be used to specify a different
2. ___ A
amount of tolerance for different characteristics of a surface or to achieve different
levels of control by adding or removing datum references.
T
3. ___ Applying
the all around symbol means that the profile tolerance applies all
around the true profile in the view it is shown.
T a single datum profile may control form and orientation (and possibly
4. ___ With
size), but it cant control location of a part feature
5. ___ IfFeither a 0 or the entire tolerance value follows the Usymbol in the tolerance
portion of the profile control, the profile tolerance is to be applied bilaterally.
6. ___ The MMC or LMC modifiers may be applied to either the profile tolerance or to
F features of size when applying either profile of a surface or profile of a line.
datum
7. ___ Without datum references, profile functions as a type of form control. With
datum references profile functions as a related feature control.
T
8. ___ If a profile tolerance is 1.2
0.4, it means that 0.4 of the 1.2 tolerance applies
to the outside of the true profile (the direction that adds mass to the part).
U
T
9. ___ As with flatness, a coplanarity tolerance applies into the part with the high
points of the surface forming one of the two parallel planes.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 11
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/15/13

Controls
Title: Profile
71
Chapter 11 Profile Controls Quiz
1.
2.

True profile is the exact profile of a part feature as described by Bas
_________
dimensions.
ic
The four part feature characteristics that profile may control are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Locatio
_______________
Orientat
_______________
n
For
_______________
ion
Siz
_______________
m
bilater
equ
The defaulteprofile tolerance zone location is ___________
___________.
When it is desired to apply a profile control around
periphery of a part in
al the entire al
a particular view, theall
_________________ symbol is used to indicate that the profile
tolerance applies all around
around the periphery.
5. When a profile control is intended to apply between two points such as Pt X and Pt
Y)
betwe(X
Y, the ___________________
symbol should be used.
6. A profile
of a surface control applies to the entire surface area up to the points
__________
en
tangen
___________ unless otherwise specified.
of
cy can be used with _____________
Positio tolerancing using the ____________
all
7. Profile
symbol
BOUNDA
with profile and the _____________
notation with position to separately
control the
n
around
outline (size/form) of an
irregular feature and the features location to a datum
RY
reference frame.
U Usymbol can be used to show how much of the profile tolerance
8. The circle
______________
applies either inside or outside the true profile.
Chapter: 11 Section: 1 Rev: - Date: 8/15/13 Title: Profile
Martinrea GD&T
Controls
3.
4.
72

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
The profile tolerance specifies aunifor

_________ __________
bound along the true profile within
which the elements of the surface
Profile tolerances apply normal to
m must lie.ary
the true profile at all points along the profile.
The biggest advantage of using multiple single-segment profile controls rather
than composite profile tolerancingflexibilit
is ________________.
Profile of a line applies to localslice
________of
the controlled surface (twoy
dimensional), extending along the length of the controlled
feature. The _________
maxim
variati
s
_________in any of several slices measured within the same profile section is the
um
on
profile of a line value.
An important distinction between profile and position controls is that position
featur
o ____
of
siz _________while profile may be used to locate
non- ____________
locates
__________
siz_________,f sucheas irregular features or polygons, as well as
es
features
____
planar features.
e controlling only a portion of a surface with profile tolerancing, the notation
When
APPLIES
WITHIN_______ may be used to denote that only a portion of the
__________
____________
SIGNALED
AREA
surface
must meet
the specified profile control.
flatnes
Coplanarity is equivalent to the concept ofinterrupt
_____________ _____________.
of as
Specifying coplanarity requires two things:ed
aprofile
___________________
control and an
associated note that identifies thenumbe
__________of
controlled surfaces.
surface
As with position, the _______________
r ______________
requirem does not apply to the lower
simultane
segment of compositeous
profile controls. ent
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 11
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/15/13

Controls
Title: Profile
73

below:
d | 0.3 | A
6
X
60
3
X
6.0
5.8
25
6X R0.5
MAX
M6 x 1
6g
MAJOR
DIA
+/-head?
1. What is the width across any of the (3) pairs of flats on the25
bolt
0.3
__________.
The tolerance
zone of
exists
2. Describe
the location
the profile tolerance zone
all
around the part
with the
halfflats
the tolerance
outside
the true
__________________________
Across
it is 25 +/-0.15
+/Chapter:
11
Section:
1 Rev: - Date: 8/15/13 Title: Profile
profile and
half inside
(equal
bilateral).
0.15
= 25
+/-0.3.
Martinrea
GD&T
Controls
74

Quiz
Please answer the questions regarding the figure below:
How is the bracket located to the main datum reference frame?

____________________
The right hand side is located to datums A, B,
The
hand
side isprofile
then made
a datum, and the left
and right
C by the
surface
tolerance.
hand side is located locally to the right hand side.
What is the 85
width
(nominal
and tolerance)
betweenisthe
two sidesmaking
of the
+1.2,
-0 = 85.0
86.2 (tolerance
all inward
bracket? bracket width larger).
85 +0, -1.2 = 83.8 85.0 (tolerance is all outward making
Case (a)bracket
_______width smaller).
Case (b) _______
(a
)
Inward
and
outward
refer to the
controlled
surface.
(b
)
8
5
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 11
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/15/13

Controls
Title: Profile
75

Quiz
Please answer the questions regarding the
figure below:
ALONG ENTIRE FACE OF PART FOR 6 MM
OVERLAP
82
1. What is the width of the

outside of the lower (green,
nominal 80 width) part,
79 including
its tolerance?
80
___________.
2. What is the width of the
inside of the upper (blue,
82 - 82 width) part,
nominal
83
including
its tolerance?
___________.
3. How much gap, all
around, would there be
Nominalthe
Gap
= (82.5
between
upper
(blue)
79.5)/2
1.5. parts
and
lower=(green)
Max Gap = (83 79)/2
min, max, and nominal?
= 2.0.
___________
80
ALONG ENTIRE FACE OF PART FOR 6 MM

OVERLAP
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 11
Section: 1
Gap
= (82 Title:
80)/2
=
Rev: Min
- Date:
8/15/13
Profile
Controls1.0.
76

Discussion
U
If either a 0 or the entire tolerance value follows the
symbol in the tolerance portion of the profile control, the
profile tolerance is to be applied bilaterally.
Close, except for one word. The profile tolerance is to be

applied unilaterally in the case of either 0 tolerance or
total tolerance after the circle U symbol.
The MMC or LMC modifiers may be applied to either the
profile tolerance or to datum features of size when
applying either profile of a surface or profile of a line.
Almost. The MMC or LMC modifiers may be applied to
any datum features of size but not to the profile
tolerance itself. The profile tolerance is always RFS even
though there may be some datum shift available from
MMC modifiers applied to datum features of size.
Martinrea GD&T
Chapter: 11
Section: 1
Rev: - Date: 8/15/13

Controls
Title: Profile
77

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Chapter 1 Introduction

Online GD&T Training Quiz

TGD&T is much more precise than traditional coordinate dimensioning.

Chapter: 1 Section: 1 Rev: Date: 8/1/13 Title: Introduction

This is a common misconception. Three dimensional geometry requires the control

It would be great if that were true! However, determining datums, controlling 3D

Section: 1 Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Chapter 2 - Drawings &

TA drawing shall not be subject to more than one interpretation.

Section: 1 Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Chapter 2 - Drawings &

Types of geometric controls that require a datum include:

Section: 1 Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Chapter 2 - Drawings &

Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing is more appropriate for:

Section: 1 Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Chapter 2 - Drawings &

Section: 1 Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Chapter 3 - Rules & Concepts

Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Title: Rules &

Chapter 3 - Rules & Concepts

The condition in which a

The condition in which a feature of

A term that indicates a geometric

is the basis from which permissible variations are established by

Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Title: Rules &

Chapter 3 - Rules & Concepts

centerplane, respectively, could be derived.

Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Title: Rules &

Chapter 3 - Rules & Concepts

Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Title: Rules &

Chapter 3 - Rules & Concepts

The tolerances not

Chapter 3 - Rules & Concepts

Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Title: Rules &

Chapter 3 - Rules & Concepts

The least material condition size of a hole measuring 10.0 10.5

Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Title: Rules &

Chapter 3 - Rules & Concepts

Rule #1 controls the interrelationship between features of size.

The LMC size of a feature is checked by a full form gage.

Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Title: Rules &

Chapter 4 Form Controls Quiz

Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Chapter 4 Form Controls Quiz

Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Chapter 4 Form Controls Quiz

Chapter 4 Form Controls Quiz

Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Chapter 4 Form Controls Quiz

Please fill in the table referencing the drawing below:

Referen Straightness control

Rev: - Date: 8/1/13

Chapter 4 Form Controls Quiz

Rev: - Date: 8/1/13