SURVEY CAMP

REPORT(CIVIL 3RD
YEAR)
By ASHISH KUMAR VERMA ,
JITENDER SINGH YADAV,
ASHISH CHAURASIA,ABHILASH
DUBEY,ARPIT CHAWALA,MANISH
GAUTAM.

LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. TO STUDY AND USE PLANE TABLE SURVEY BY

RADIATION AND

INTERSECTION METHOD.
2. TO STUDY ESSENTIAL PARTS DUMPY LEVEL AND REDUCTION OF
LEVEL.
3. TO MEASURE DIRECT ANGLE ,DEPLECTION ANGLE
AND MAGNETIC BEARING OF LINE BY USING THEODOLITE.
4. TO TRAVERSE AN AREA ,AND PLOT IT ON DRAWING SHEET.
5. TO MEASURE HORIZONTAL ANGLE AT A POINT BY METHOD OF
REITERATION.

PLANE TABLE SURVEYING

AIM:- To study and use the plane table survey by

radiation and intersection method.

THEORY: Plane tabling is a graphical method of

surveying in which field book and plotting are done

simultaneously. It is most suitable for filling in
detail about between the stations previously fixed
by
triangulation. It is particularly adopted on small
scale or medium scale marking in which detail is
required
for graphical survey.

 Accessories for plane table survey:

1) Drawing board-Made up of well-seasoned wood such as teak or

pine and its size is 40x30 cm to

75x60cm. It is mounted on midpoint after levelling about interior
axis.
2) Alidade- Alidade consists of brass or metal or wood straight
edge or ruler about 50cm long line
levelled edge. It is used for sighting the object to the located point.
3) Trough compass- A trough compass or circular box compass with
magnetic needle at centre is used for
measuring north direction on drawing sheet.
4)U-fork Once the line of fork/plumb bob is attached and upper
arm is same what to indicate which
point on table is vertically over the station point on ground.
5) Bubble Tube: There is a bubble in the tube when the bubble
comes exactly in the centre of the tube
then indicates that the bubble corner is exactly horizontal to
ground.

PLANE TABLE

PLAIN ALIDADE

SPIRIT LEVEL

Methods of plane table surveying:

1. Radiation: In this method point is located on plan by drawing a

ray from plane table stat. to the

point and plotting to scale along the ray. The distance measured
from station to the point. This
method is suitable for small area which can be commanded from a
single station.
Procedure
1) Select point P such that all points to be located visible from it.
2) Set up the table at C and after levelling it clamp the board.
3) Using U-fork selected point C is traversed to table.
4) Mark direction of magnetic meridian with the help of trough
compass right top corner of sheet.
5) Centring the alidade on C and sight point. P to Q, R, S,T etc. and
draw rays on table along them
6) Measure distance CP, CQ,CR,CS,CT by chain or tape.
7) Taking suitable scale plot these distances on sheets

Intersection method-

In this method point is fixed on plan by the

intersection of rays drawn from

the two instrument stations. The line joining these stations is called base line.
It is suitable when distances
are very large and having observations between them.
Procedure1)SELECT TWO POINTS L AND M IN A COMMANDING POSITION
2]THE LINE JOINING THE STATION L AND M IS KNOWN AS BASE LINE
3]MEASURE THE BASE LINE LM
4]SET UP THE TABLE AT THE STATION L AND MARK POINT l ON SHEET OVER L
5]ORIENT THE BOARD BY PLACING ALIDADE ALONG l m AND TURN THE
BOARD UNTIL THE RANGING ROD AT B IS BISECTED CLAMP THE BOARD

6]WITH ALIDADE TOUCHING POINT l DRAW RAYS

1,2,3

OF INDEFINITE

LENGTH AS SHOWN IN FIG.

7]THE TABLE IS THEN SHIFTED TO STATION M ,ORIENT IT BY
BACKSIGHTING METHOD ON L
8]THROUGH m DRAW RAYS TOWARDS THE POINT PREVIOUSLY
SIGHTED 4,5 ARE DRAWN DETERMINE THE POINTS ON
INTERSECTION a AND b

DUMPY LEVEL / AUTO LEVEL

Aim:- To study the essential parts of dumpy level &

reduction of levels.
Apparatus:- Dumpy level, tripod stand, leveling staff
etc.

Theory:-The dumpy level is a simple and compact

instrument; the telescope is rigidly fixed to its
supports it can be rotated about its longitudinal axis.
Level tube is permanently placed so that axis lies in
same vertical plane. A focusing screw near the eye
piece provided to get clear image of the object and to
bisect cross hair.

 Bench mark:

- It is point of known elevation. It is

used either as a starting point or as a check point before
closing.

Axis of telescope: - It is line joining the object,

optical centre of the glass to the centre of the eye piece.

Line of collimation (Line of sight):It is line joining intersection of cross hair to the optical
centre of the
glass.

Parts of dumpy level: 1. Tripod: - The tripod consists of three legs, lower ends of it

fitted with steel shoes.

2. Leveling head: - It consists of two parallel triangular plates to
supports the foots screws.
3. Foot Screws: - It is provided between trivet and tribatch, by
turning the screws the tribatch can be
raised or lowered to bring bubble tube at the centre.
4. Telescope: - It consist of an object glass and eye piece on
opposite end, a diaphragm is fixed with
the telescope just in front of eye piece.
5. Bubble tube: - Two bubble tubes one longitudinal and one
cross bubble provided right angles to
each other. The bubble is brought to the centre with the help of
foot screws.
6. Compass: - A compass is provided just below the telescope for
taking magnetic bearing of a line
required.

REDUCTION OF LEVEL
H.I method: The reduced level of the line of collimation is said to

be the height of the instrument. In this system

height
of the line of collimation is found out by adding back
side reading to the R.L of bench mark on which BS
is taken. Then RL of intermediate points and the
change point are obtained by subtracting the
respective
staff reading from the height of instrument (HI). To
find new HI of change point BS is taken on last point

OBSERVATION TABLE
STATION
POINT

CHAINAGE BS

IS

FS

RL OF
COLLIMATI
ON

THEODOLITE SURVEYING
Aim: - To measure direct angle, deflection angle and

magnetic bearing of line by using theodolite

Apparatus: - Transit theodolite, ranging rod, pegs etc.
Direct Angle:
The angle measured clockwise from preceding line to
the following line. They may vary 0 to 360.
Procedure:- Set up the theodolite at O and level it accurately set
vernier A to 000.Loose the lower plate
and take back sight on A.
- Loose upper plate rotate telescope clockwise and
bisect B exactly read both vernier.

 Plunge the telescope turns the

instrument about its outer axis and

take back sight on A the reading
on vernier A will be same as in Step 1.
- Loose the upper plate, turn the
telescope clockwise and again bisect B
exactly.
- Read both verniers. The reading will
be twice the previous, <AOB will be
obtain by dividing the
final reading by 2.

DEFLECTION ANGLE
Deflection angle is the angle which the survey line

makes with the prolongation of preceding line.

Procedure: Set up the theodolite at B and level it accurately.
- With both plates clamp the vernier A reading
000take back sight on A. Plunge the telescope
to direct the line of sight AB. Loosen the upper
plate and turn the telescope clockwise to take
fore sight C. Read both verniers. The mean of two
verniers reading gives the approximate value
of deflection at B &clamp upper clamp.
-

 Loosen the lower clamp and turns the

telescope horizontally to back sight on A. The

vernier will
read the same reading as in step 4 and
telescope transited. Plunge the telescope and
unclamped
the plates and again bisect C. Read both
verniers. Find the mean of final readings. Thus
the
deflection angle is doubled and hence one half
of its average value given accurate value of
deflection angle at B

Deflection
angle

MAGNETIC BEARING
The angle which a line makes with the magnetic

meridian is called a magnetic bearing of a line.

Procedure:For measuring hearing through compass or tabular
compass is attached to theodolite.
Set the vernier A to 000 of the horizontal circle
after setting theodolite over 0 and level it.
Loosen the lower clamp magnetic needle is then
realized to swing on pivot of compass. Rotate
the instrument till needle roughly point to the
north by using lower tangent screw and correct
direction of magnetic needle is obtain

 Loose the upper clamp and direct the telescope

towards A and bisect it exactly by using upper

clamp and upper tangent screw. Read both
verniers.
- Change the face and repeat the process. The
average of two values gives correct bearing of line
AB.
:

TRAVERSING AN AREA
AIM:- TO TRAVERSE THE GIVEN AREA ,PLOT IT ON

DRAWING SHEET.
INSTRUMENTS:- PLANE TABLE WITH TRIPOD
,ALIDADE,TAPE,RANGING ROD ,COMPASS U FORK
WITH PLUMB BOB ,SPIRIT LEVEL,DRAWING SHEET.
THEORY:- IN SURVEYING TRAVERSE MEANS
DETERMING THE LENGTH AND DIRECTION OF
CONSEQUTIVE LINE ,THE LINEAR DISTANCE ARE
MEASURED BY TAPE ,RELATIVE DIRECTION OF LINE
ARE MEASURED BY COMPASS.THE INTEGRATED
MEASUREMENT PROVIDE DATA FOR DETERMINING
TWO DIMENSIONAL DATA,FOR DETERMINING

 LAND AREA .TRAVERSING CONSISTS OF

RECONNAISSANCE ,PICKING UP THE DETAILS AND

BOOKING FIELD NOTES TRAVERSE ARE CLASSIFIED
AS OPEN OR CLOSE .
PROCEDURE :- A,B,C,D AND E WERE GIVEN
STATION RECONNASSIANCE SURVEY WAS DONE
AND TABLE WAS SET UP AT A ,STATION POINT WAS
TRANSFERRED TO PAPER AS A LAND POINTNG AT A
AND SIGHTING B RAY WAS DRAWN .THE DISTANCE
WAS MEASURED USING TAPE AND B MARKED AT
SCALE ,SHIFT TABLE TO B LEVEL IT SIGHT A
CONTINUE IT FOR OTHERS .CLOSING RAY OF
TRAVERSE IS GRAPHICALLY ADJUSTED

Thank you