POPULATION

The Spanish population increased a lot during the 20th century. Mainly due to:
1.

The improvement of sanitation and the food quality and quantity

2.

The increase of immigration

Spain has a population of 46 million, 5 million of whom are immigrants.

1.OUR CHANGING POPULATION

THE ABSOLUTE POPULATION of an area is the number of inhabitants in that area.
Is constantly changing.
We can understand the changes in a population by looking at the birth
rates, death rates and emigration and immigration statistics.
The science that studies the population is called DEMOGRAPHY.

 NATURAL INCREASE: is the difference between the number of births and the
number of deaths.

-POSITIVE: the birth rate is higher than the death rate. More people are born
than die. The absolute population increases.

-NEGATIVE: the death rate is higher than the birth rate. More people die than
are born. The absolute population decreases.

 ACTUAL INCREASE: to find out the actual increase of a population, we add

the natural increase to the number of immigrants and then we subtract the
number of emigrants. It can be positive or negative.
Actual increase = natural increase
+ number of immigrants number
of emigrants

There are many causes of migratory movements:

Natural causes: floods, earthquakes and droughts.
Social causes: wars, hunger and poverty.
Economic causes: job opportunities.

 POPULATION DENSITY: shows us how populated an area is. Is calculated

by dividing the number of inhabitants of an area by the size of the area
they live in. The measurement of the area is in square kilometers. (km 2)

POPULATION DENSITY = population :

square kilometres

 There are over 7.000.000.000 people in the world and this number is
constantly growing.
In one year about 130 million babies are born and 55 million people die, so
the population grows by about 75 million people a year.

2. CARACTERISTICS OF THE SPANISH POPULATION

The Spanish population increased steadily during the 20th century. In 1900
we were approximately 18 million inhabitants. Today we are 46 million.

 POSITIVE NATURAL INCREASE:

Although the birth rate hasnt increased,
the death rate has decreased. Like other
european countries, Spain has more elderly
people than ever before.
Medical care, hygiene and nutritious food
make possible a better quality of life, which
means that we live longer.

POSITIVE ACTUAL INCREASE:

Many more people come to Spain than
leave it. There are now over 5 million
immigrants living in Spain. Many left their
countries because of natural disasters other
for social causes or to find a job.

LIFE EXPECTANCY:
Life expectancy is the average number of
years people live. In Spain it was 35 years
in 1900. Now is about 79 for men and 84
years for women.

 THE DISTRIBUTION OF SPANISH POPULATION:

-Spain has a population density of 93 inhabitants per square kilometre.
-93 inhabitants/km2 is a low population density compared to other european
countries.
-Spains population is mostly urban, 78% of Spanish inhabitants live in urban areas.
-The most populated areas in Spain are large cities and coastal regions.

WHY HAS THE SPANISH POPULATION INCREASED SO MUCH

SINCE 1900?

3.MIGRATIONS IN SPAIN
There are three types of migratory movements:
1. International emigration
2. Internal migration
3. International immigration
During the 20th century, Spain experienced all three.

 1.INTERNATIONAL EMIGRATION
In the first half of the 20th century, many Spaniards emigrated to North and South
America.
In the 1960s and 1970s, people started emigrating to European countries such as:
Germany, France or The United Kingdom.

 2.INTERNAL MIGRATION
In the second half of the 20th century, about four million people from rural areas
moved to cities to find work in factories.
This process is known as rural exodus.

Consequences of rural exodus:

1. Overcrowded cities
2. Environmental problems: air or water pollution.
3. Unemployment among rural immigrants
4. Lack of food supplies.

 3.INTERNATIONAL IMMIGRATION
At the end of the 20th century the situation changed and Spain started receiving
immigrants from other countries.
In 2013, there were about 5.6 million immigrants in Spain.
Immigrants mainly from: Romania, Morocco, Ecuador, Colombia and the United
Kingdom.

WHY DO PEOPLE LEAVE RURAL AREAS?

4.THE POPULATION OF EUROPE

Europe is a
prosperous highly
populated continent.
It has the third
largest population in
the world, after Asia
and Africa.
About 739 million
people live in Europe.

 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION:
Europes population density is about 105 inhabitants per square kilometre (km2)
About 75% of the european population lives in urban areas: Moscow, Paris, London,
Madrid, Berlin, Rome, are the biggest cities.
Countries more populated: Russia, Germany, France and The United Kingdom.
Countries less populated: Norway, Sweden and Finland.

 AGEING POPULATION:
In Europe, the birth rate is low
but the death rate is also low.
Average life expectancy is now
around 80 years.
Europe is an ageing continent:
the number of people over 65 is
almost the same as the number
of young people.
In the future there will be more
people who need pensions and
fewer people to pay for them.
Despite being an ageing
continent, Europes population
is growing, mainly due to
migratory movements. The
arrival of immigrants is making
Europes population grow.

WHICH IS THE COUNTRY WITH THE HIGHEST

POPULATION IN EUROPE?

SPANISH POPULATION PYRAMID