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Prof.SudjitoSoeparman
Lecture Hand-out
Mechanical Engineering
Brawijaya University
2014
I. INTRODUCTION
I. Dynamic Pump
A. Rotary
1. Centrifugal or radial exit flow
2. Axial flow
3. Mixed flow (between radial and axial)
B. Special designs
1. Jet pump or ejector
2. Electromagnetic pumps for liquid metals
3. Fluid-actuated: gas lift or hydraulic ram
Radial flow
Mixed flow
Axial flow
Single
stage
Single
Suction
Pump
Single
stage
Double
Suction
Pump
Multi
stages
Pump
Heart: Diafraghm
Pump
2,000 gallons (7,571
liters)
about 100,000 times
daily
flowing through the
60,000 miles of blood
vessels
2. Positive Displacement
Pumps
(a) reciprocating piston or plunger,
(b) external gear pump,
(c) Doublescrew pump,
(d) sliding vane,
(e) three-lobe pump,
( f ) double circumferential piston,
(g) flexibletube squeegee.
Parameter
Centrifugal Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps
Rotary Pumps
Medium/High Capacity,
Low/Medium Pressure
Low Capacity,
High Pressure
Low/Medium Capacity,
Low/Medium Pressure
100,000+ GPM
10,000+ GPM
10,000+ GPM
No
Yes
Yes
6,000+ PSI
100,000+ PSI
4,000+ PSI
No
Yes
Yes
Smooth
Pulsating
Smooth
Variable
Constant
Constant
No
Yes
Yes
Space Considerations
Costs
Lower Initial
Lower Maintenance
Higher Power
Higher Initial
Higher Maintenance
Lower Power
Lower Initial
Lower Maintenance
Lower Power
Self-priming
Fluid Handling
in
out
Ehydrauic, in
Ehyd, out
Emech, in
Pump
Energy Conservation Law
in = Eout + Elosses + Usyst
Pump is an open system : Usyst = 0, and for ideal case:
Elosses = 0
Then, the energy equation for the pump.
Ehyd,in + Emech,in = Ehyd,out, or, Emech,in = Ehyd,out
Ehyd,in, or:
(2.1)
(2.4)
The change of hydraulic energy (H) is called the head of the
pump, and it is often symbolized simply as H.
(2.5)
(2.6)
Equation (2.6) could be rewriten as,
(2.7)
Then equation (2.6) indicating three losses of the
Where,
(2.9)
(2.10)
Equation (2.10) is Euler
Head or ideal head for
Using the velovity diagrams on inlet and
outlet we get the
pump
relations,
Example II.2:
Vt2 = u2 Vn2.cot30o =
H = 1/g. U2.Vt2 =
Example
Multistages Pumps.
2.
3.
Number of stages: i
Q=Q1+Q2
+Q3
Pump 1
Q1
Where:
Number of impellers i:
Pump
2
Q2
Pump 3
Q3
Number of vanes:
Larger number of vane increases losses due to greater
total area of vanes thickness, and fewer vanes
increases losses due to pure flow distrubution.
Optimum number of vanes depends on the specific
speed: ns
Vanes inlet angle: 1, and outlet angle: 2
Vanes inlet and outlet angles provide the direction of
relative flow velocity within impellers, to form the
velocity diagram. The larger vanes inlet angles
provides longer vanes, however causes more crowded
flow at inlet. Smaller inlet angle reduces the flow path
of liquid through the vanes.
The ussual vanes inlet angle is: = 155O to 165o.
The vanes outlet angles determines direction of outlet
relative velocity, which is ussually makes the relative
outlet velocity simillar to the inlet, such that:
The vanes outlet angle is then depends on the
specific speed as follows.