Presented To:

Miss Sehreen
Mirpur University of Science
Technology (MUST)
Mirpur Azad Kashmir Pakistan

Presented By:
BSSE 3rd Semester
 Raza Ahmed
Roll No. 40(raza_ahmed47@hotmail.com)

 Waqas Sharoom
Roll No. 30

 Abaid Ullah
Roll No. 32
Topic:
ec tu re of
Archi t

o bile s
PD A&M
 Introduction to PDA
The main purpose of a personal digital assistant (PDA)
is to act as an electronic organizer or day planner that is
portable, easy to use and­capable of sharing information with
your PC. It's supposed to be an
extension of the PC, not a repla-
-cement.
PDAs, also called handhelds
or palmtops, have definitely evol
-ved over the years. Not only can
they manage your personal infor-
-mation, such as contacts, appoi-
-ntments, and to-do lists, today's
devices can also connect to the
Internet, act as global positioning
system (GPS) devices, and run
multimedia software. What's more,
Manufacturers have combined PDAs with cell phones,
multimedia players and other electronic gadgetry.
As its capabilities continue
to grow, the standard PDA
device is changing. Here we
will discuss the PDA -- where
it's been, how it is converging
with other devices, and where
it's headed. We'll also exam-
-ine how PDAs work and give
you some pointers on how to
select one.
The PDA Computer

Microprocessors and Memory

Like standard desktop and laptop computers,
PDAs are powered by microprocessors. The microprocessor
is the brain of the PDA, and it coordinates all of the
functions according to programmed instructions. Unlike
desktop PCs and laptops, PDAs use smaller, cheaper
microprocessors. Although these microprocessors tend to
be slower than their PC counterparts, they're adequate
for the tasks that PDAs perform. The benefits of small
size and price outweigh the cost of slow speeds. A PDA
doesn't have a hard disk. It stores basic programs
(address book, calendar, memo pad and operating system)
in a read-only memory (ROM) chip, which remains intact
even when the machine shuts down. Your data and any
programs you add later are stored in the device's
random-access memory (RAM). Information in RAM is only
available
when the device is on. Due to their design, PDAs
keep data in RAM safe because they continue to
draw a small amount of power from the batteries
even when you turn the device off.
Less powerful PDAs have lower amounts of RAM.
However, many application programs take up
significant memory space, so most models have
more memory. Also, Pocket PC devices generally
require more resources and have even more RAM.
To provide additional memory, many PDAs accept
removable flash media add-on cards. These are
handy for storing large files or multimedia
content, such as digital photos.
Some newer PDAs, such as the Palm Tungsten E2, use
flash memory instead of RAM. Flash memory is
non-volatile, which means it preserves the data
and applications it stores -- even when all
battery power is depleted.
Operating Systems
The operating system contains the pre-programmed
Here's an inside view of
instructions that tell the microprocessor what
a PDA. The circuit board
to do. The operating systems used by PDAs are
folds away from the
not as complex as those used by PCs. They have
screen. In the middle of
fewer instructions, which require less memory.
the single-layer circuit
board is the
microprocessor, and to
the left and above are
the memory chips.
 Input Methods

PDAs vary in how you input data and commands. Some

devices use a stylus and touch screen exclusively in
combination with a handwriting recognition program. Using
a plastic stylus, you draw characters on the device's
display or dedicated writing area. Software inside the PDA
converts the characters to letters and numbers. On Palm
devices, the software that recognizes these letters is
called Graffiti. Graffiti requires that each letter be
recorded in a certain way, and you must use a specialized
alphabet. For example, to write the letter "A," you draw
an upside-down V. The letter "F" looks like an inverted L.
To help Graffiti make more accurate guesses, you must draw
letters on one part of the screen and numbers in another
part.
Pocket PC PDAs offer three handwriting-recognition
applications: Transcriber, Letter Recognizer and Block
Recognizer. Letter Recognizer and Block Recognizer are
similar to Graffiti and require specialized alphabets. By
contrast, Transcriber recognizes your "regular"
handwriting, as long as you write legibly. It is similar
to the handwriting recognition capabilities found on
 If you can't get the hang of PDA handwriting, you can use
a miniature onscreen keyboard. It looks just like a
regular keyboard, except you tap on the letters with the
stylus. In addition, many devices now include a small
(and usually cramped) QWERTY keyboard. Some of these
require you to use your thumbs to type. And you can use a
full-size keyboard by connecting it to the PDA via
Bluetooth or a USB port. Each model also has a few
buttons and navigation dials to bring up applications and
scroll through files.
 LCD Display
PDAs use an LCD (liquid-crystal
display) screen. Unlike the LCD
screens for desktop or laptop
computers, which are used solely as
output devices, PDAs use their screens
for output and input. The LCD screens
of PDAs are smaller than laptop
screens, but vary in size. Almost all
PDAs now offer color displays.
PDA displays have the following
features:
• Transflective TFT (thin-film transistor)
LCD for indoor and outdoor use
• Different pixel resolutions with higher
resolutions for better quality
• Color screen
• Backlighting for reading in low light
 Input Methods
PDAs vary in how you input data and commands. Some devices
use a stylus and touch screen exclusively in combination with a
handwriting recognition program. Using a plastic stylus, you
draw characters on the device's display or dedicated writing
area. Software inside the PDA converts the characters to
letters and numbers. On Palm devices, the software that
recognizes these letters is called Graffiti. Graffiti requires
that each letter be recorded in a certain way, and you must use
a specialized alphabet. For example, to write the letter "A,"
you draw an upside-down V. The letter "F" looks like an
inverted L. To help Graffiti make more accurate guesses, you
must draw letters on one part of the screen and numbers in
another part.
Pocket PC PDAs offer three handwriting-recognition
applications: Transcriber, Letter Recognizer and Block
Recognizer. Letter Recognizer and Block Recognizer are similar
to Graffiti and require specialized alphabets. By contrast,
Transcriber recognizes your "regular" handwriting, as long as
you write legibly. It is similar to the handwriting recognition
capabilities found on Tablet PCs.
 Introduction of Mobile Phone
A mobile phone (also calledmobile,cellphone
orhandphone)[1] is an electronic device used
for mobile telecommunications over a
cellular network of base stations known as
cell sites.
•Mobile phones differ from cordless telephones,
which only offer telephone service within limited
range through a single base station attached to
a fixed line, for example within a home or an
office.
addition to being atelephone, modern mobile phones also support many
additionalservices, andaccessor ies, such asSM S (ortext)
messages,em ail,Int ernet access, gaming,Bluetooth,infr ared,cam
era,MMS messaging,
MP3 player, radioand GPS.
•The first hand held phone was demonstrated by
Martin Cooperof Motorola in 1973, using a handset
weighing in at two kilos.[2] By the end of 2009, the number of
mobile cellular subscriptions worldwide reached approximately 4.6
billion, penetrating the
developing economies and reaching the
bottom of the economic pyramid.[3]
Architecture
 Architecture
Now, we will discuss about circuit of mobile
phone, and it can be best explained by the diagram
presented on next slide. Well actually it’s a
development circuit board for the google Android
operating system by Qualcomm.

Nokia E71 has microprocessor with power

300 Mhz, much higher than the old PCs(P 1)
 In the left diagram, we can see the
locations of Viberator, Display ICs and
other important hardware. It is the circuit of
Nokia 1660, that’s why in its diagram, there
is not any powerful microprocessor as used
in Nokia N series and E71.

Image on the right side explains the

use of jumper, when your mobile
screen is damaged or showing white
light.
 PDAs & Mobiles
Consideration

There are a lot of good handheld

Computers (Mobile and PDAs)
available and some bad ones.

What environment will you be

using the handheld computer in
- is it hot, cold, wet, dusty
or filled with explosive
vapors? Is it a clean office
environment, or a rugged out-of-doors
environment?
Is your software application focused
exclusively on bar code scanning, RFID
reading, GPS, or do you need a multi-
purpose device?
Will the hardware configuration ever need to
be changed? Some handhelds can be configured
at will, others are locked and can only be
used with the original configuration.
What hardware does your selected software
require?
 …:::The End:::...

If you have any questions, you can ask now.

Thanks for anticipation