MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

BFC 2083

Prepared By :
Ahmad Fahmy Bin Kamarudin
Department of Structures and Materials Engineering
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Off. Tel. : 07 4537431
Email : fahmy@uthm.edu.my
Room No. : E3 001-02

Location of my room
E 03 001-02

INTRODUCTION
SESSION
Syllabus and Subject Learning Outcome (SLO)
Programme Educational Objective (PEO) and
Programme Learning Outcome (PLO)

Dressing Ethic (PLO)

CHAPTER 1

STRESS and STRAIN

STRESS AND STRAIN (7 HOUR LECTURE)
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

Types and system of forces

Types of stresses
Normal stress, shear stress and bearing stress
Strain
Normal stress and strain relationship
Hookes Law dan Poisson Ratio
Axial Stress and strain relationship for an element
subjected bi-axial and tri-axial stresses
Working stress, permissible stress and temperature
stress
Stress analysis using equation and Mohr Diagram
Method

CLASSIFICATION OF
STRUCTURE
It is important for structural
engineer to recognize the
various types of elements
composing structure.
Structural element :
Some of the more common
elements from which
structure are composed as
follow :
Tie Rods
Beam
Columns

CLASSIFICATION OF
STRUCTURE
Tie Rod :
Structural members subjected to a tensile force
are often referred to as tie rods or bracing struts.
Due to the nature of this load, these member are
rather slender and are often chosen from rods,
bars, angle or channel.

CLASSIFICATION OF
STRUCTURE
Beam :
A straight horizontal members used primarily to carry vertical
loads.
They are classified according to the way they are supported

CLASSIFICATION OF
STRUCTURE
Beam :
Usually straight horizontal members
used primarily to carry vertical loads.
They are classified according to the way
they are supported as indicated in
previous slide.
Beams are designed to resist for
bending moment.
Metal Beam :
Usually for metal beam such as steel or
aluminum, the cross section is most
efficient is shaped as shown due to the
forces developed in the top and bottom
flanges of the beam form the necessary
couple used to resist applied moment,
M, whereas the web is effective in
resisting the applied shear, V.

CLASSIFICATION OF
STRUCTURE
Beam : (Plate Girder)
When the beam is required to have a very large span and loads,
the cross section may take the form of a plate girder.
The member is fabricated by using large plate for the web and
welding or bolting plates to its end for flanges.
The girder normally transported by segment and the segments
are designed to be spliced or joined together at points where
the girder a small internal moment

CLASSIFICATION OF
STRUCTURE
Timber Beam :
Beam made from timber may be sawn
from solid of wood or laminated.
Laminated beams are constructed from
solid sections of wood, which are
fastened together using high-strength
glues

CLASSIFICATION OF
STRUCTURE
Column :
Generally vertical and resist axial
compressive loads
Columns which are subjected to both an
axial load and a bending moment are
referred to be as beam column

CLASSIFICATION OF
STRUCTURE

Types of Structures
The combination of structural elements and the materials from
which they are composed is referred to as a structural system
such as trusses, cables, arches, frames and surface structure.
Trusses
Consist of slender elements,
usually arranged in
triangular fashion.
Planar trusses are composed
of members lie in the same
plane and frequently used
for bridge and roof support.
Space trusses have
members extending in three
dimensions and are suitable
for derricks and tower

CLASSIFICATION OF
STRUCTURE
Cables :
Cables are usually flexible
and carry their loads in
tension
Commonly used to support
bridges and building roofs

Arches :
Arch archive its strength in
compression, since it has a
reverse curvature to that of
the cable.

CLASSIFICATION OF
STRUCTURE
Frames :
Often used in the building and
composed of beams and columns that
are either pin or fixed conected
Surface Structure :
A surface structure is made from a
material having a very small
thickness compared to its dimensions.
Sometimes this material is very
flexible and can take the form of a
tent or air-inflated structure
In both cases the material acts as a
membrane that is subjected to pure
tension

IDEALIZED STRUCTURE
Introduction :
It is important to the structural engineer to develop the ability to
model or idealize a structure so that he or she can perform a practical
force analysis of the members.
Support Connections :
Structural members are
joined together in various
ways depending on the
intent of the designer.
The three types of joints
are the pin connection, the
roller support and the fixed
joint
A pin-connected joint and
a roller support allow some
freedom for slight rotation,
whereas fixed joint allows
no relative rotation
between the connected

IDEALIZED STRUCTURE
Idealized Model :
is a simplified version of
the physical system that
strips away the
unnecessary aspects of
the situation
Free Body Diagram
Free-body diagrams are
diagrams used to show the
relative magnitude and
direction of all forces
acting upon an object in a
given situation

IDEALIZED STRUCTURE
Idealized Model :
When selecting a
particular model for
each support or joint,
the engineer must be
aware of how the
assumptions will affect
the actual performance
of the member and
whether the
assumptions are
reasonable for the
structural design.

Example :

Idealized Beam

IDEALIZED STRUCTURE
Idealized Model :
It is important to be able
to recognize the symbols
for these connections and
the kinds of reactions they
exert on their attached
members.
This can easily be done by
noting how the connection
prevents any degree of
freedom or displacement
of the member.
In particular, the support
will develop a force on the
member if it prevents
translation of the member,
and it will develop a
moment if it prevents
rotation.

Example :
The fixed support prevents both
translation and rotation of a member
at the point of connection
This type of support exerts two force
components and a moment on the
member.
Hence, there are three unknowns at
a fixed support

M
Fy

Fy

1.1

TYPES and SYSTEM of FORCES

THE NATURE OF A FORCE

A force is an effect that may change the state of rest or
motion of a body
It represents the action of one body to another.
Forces is applied either by direct physical contact
between bodies or by remote action
Forces Exerted by Direct
Contact

Forces Through Remote

Action

1.1

TYPES and SYSTEM of FORCES

TYPES OF FORCES
Distributed and Concentrated Forces

A distributed force is exerted on a line,

over an area, or throughout the entire
volume.
Example of distributed force is the
weight of a beam
A concentrated force is an idealization
in which a force is assumed to act a
point

1.1

TYPES and SYSTEM of FORCES

TYPES OF FORCES
External and Internal Forces
An external forces is exerted on the
body by another body.
If a structure is formed by several
connected components, the forces
holding the component parts together
are internal forces

P
P
Q

P
Q

Ax
Example:
P and Q, together with Ax, Ay, and By at
the support are external forces while the
internal forces are developed in the truss
members due to applied loads and the
reactions

Ay

By