AP - SPEC - Metro - Viaduct

Metro Viaduct
DUBAI METRO (United Arab Emirates)
VIADUCT
3.
FUNCTIONAL / INETRFACE
4. TYPICAL VIADUCT
FUNCTIONAL
1. Clear Dimensions to accommodate Track Gauge /

and Coach width
In Straight Part : R >1000 m

In curved Part
Track Crossing Locations
In stations
2. Minimum clear distance between Door and Evacuation

Platform
In Emergency situation Fire, System Breakdown,

Earthquake, derailment etc.
FUNCTIONAL
1. Longitudinal Vertical Profile
For Operational Efficiency summit at station and valley

between stations
For Drainage
Flat at Track Crossing Locations
Flat in stations
2. Drainage
Longitudinal
Vertical Pipes
Electrical
1. Traction / Power supply to Coaches
OHE AC system
Third Rail DC system
2. Electrical Cable support along Viaduct
Power cables from Electrical Substation to Metro stations /

Depot
3. Earthing / Cathode protection
Earthing Bars all along Viaduct , through structures
Signalling and Telecommunication
1. S & T Cables support along Vaiduct
S & T Cables through Viaduct to Metro stations / Depot
Refuse space
1. For passengers falling or trapped between Rolling stock

( Coach wheels) and any obstruction
600 mm clear space between wheel and any object
2.
VIADUCT
CONTENTS
1. Superstructure
2. Substructure
3. Construction Method
4. Comparison for Alternatives
Superstructure
POPULAR CROSS SECTION TYPES in

Concrete :
Double
U - Pretensioned
Single U Post Tensioned
Box Post tensioned
Multi I Girders Pre / Post
tensioned I Girder with RCC Deck
Slab
Page 13
ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT
Superstructure
POPULAR CROSS SECTION TYPES in

steel for medium span :
Composite
Girders Steel I
Girder with RCC Deck Slab
Composite Box Steel Box
with RCC Deck Slab
Page 14
Double U Shaped Viaduct
Page 15
Page 16
Delhi Airport Link Twin U Shaped Viaduct

- 25m Span
Page 17
Faridabad Line -6 Twin U Shaped Viaduct

- 27m Span
Page 18
Alternatives & Concept Design - Superstructure
Double U :
Full span Pretensioned
Manufactured at Casting
Yard
Full span Transportation,
Lifting
and
Launching
in
Position
Page 19
Page 20
Title
Single U - Shaped Viaduct
Page 21
Santiago Line 4 Single U- Shaped

Viaduct
Page 22
Delhi Metro Line 3 Single UShaped Viaduct

Page 23
Shanghai Line 4
Superstructure
Single / Big U :
Pre cast RCC Segments

Manufactured at Casting Yard
Segments
Transportation,
Lifting and Launching in Position
Post-Tensioning and Grouting at
site
Page 25
Page 26
Title
Box Shaped Viaduct
Page 27
Box Shaped Viaduct
Delhi Metro Line 8 Box - Shaped

Viaduct
Page 28
Box :
Pre cast RCC Segments

Segments
Transportation,
Lifting and Launching in Position
Post-Tensioning and Grouting at
site
Page 29
Page 30
Title
Multiple I Girders Shaped Viaduct
Page 31
Page 32
Page 33
Superstructure
I Girder :
Full span Pre cast PSC I Girders

Segments
Transportation,
Lifting
and
Launching
in
Position
RCC Deck slab cast in situ
Page 34
Superstructure
Steel I Girder / Box Composite :
Pre Fabricated Steel I Girder /

Box
Manufactured at Fabrication Yard
Major Elements Transportation,
Lifting
,
Launching
and
assembling in Position
RCC Deck slab cast in situ
Page 35
STEEL COMPOSITE BRIDGE ( 48.0m SPAN)
Page 36
CC-15/DMRC Project
POPULAR LONGITUDINAL TYPES :

Simply
Supported
Simply
supported
with
Extended Pier cap for medium
spans
Continuous
structures
at
Track crossing locations
Page 37
Extended Pier Cap
Page 38
Page 39
Title
Extended Pier Cap 9.0m Cantilever
Page 40
VAG Corridor Project /MMOPL- India
6.
Larger Span - Superstructure
Larger Span Popular Solutions :

Balanced
Cantilever
Extradosed
Steel Truss
Page 42
Page 43
Title
BALANCE CANTILEVER BRIDGE (47+72+47, R=300m
Page 44
CC-15/DMRC Project
BALANCE CANTILEVER BRIDGE (47+72+47, R=300m
Page 45
CC-15/DMRC Project
Page 46
Title
Page 47
Title
MUMBAI METRO (INDIA)
Large Span structures
Page 49
Large Span structures
Page 50
5.
SUBSTRUCTURE
FARIDABAD PROJECT/DMRC
Page 52
Faridabad Project DMRC
Standard Pier & Precast Pier Cap for Double U
Page 53
Standard Pier & Precast Pier Cap for Double U
Page 54
Substructure for Box-Shaped Viaduct
Page 55
Portal Pier
Page 56
4.
Construction Method
Construction method for Double U-Shaped viaducts

Steel cage preparation
1. Steel cage prepared for entire span2. Steel cage placed in the mold
Page 58
Full span Precasting
3. Prestressing of pretension cables
Page 59
4. Concrete pouring

Full Span Precasting
5. Demolding
Page 60
6. Storage of precast spans

Full Span Transport
7. Loading and transport by typical Multi Axle

Trailers
Page 61
Delhi Airport Line
Delhi Airport Line
Delhi Metro Line 3
Dubai LRT
Dubai LRT

Full Span Erection
8. Erection using simple cranes

Very fast construction cycle: few hours
per span!
Page 67
ernative construction methods are possible according to each project c
Precast span placement at final location
Page 68
Construction method for Double

U-Shaped viaducts
ernative construction methods are possible according to each project c
Span lifting using cranes
Page 69
Use of trailer to transport precast

spans on viaduct extremity
Construction method for Single

U-Shaped viaducts
Example of segments Precasting in
precast yard
1a. Long bench for segments
Page 70
1b. Short cell for pier segments
Construction method for Single U-Shaped viaducts

Stacking of segments & transported to
Construction site
2. Stacking of Segments in precast 3. Typical segment transportation on

trucks
yard
Page 71
Construction method for Single U-Shaped viaducts
Then segments are lifted using a launching

gantry
4. Segments Lifting by Launching

Girder
Page 72
Construction method for Box-Shaped viaducts
Example of segments Precasting in

precast yard
1. Long bench for segments
Page 73

Stacking of segments & transported to
Construction site
2. Stacking of Segments in precast 3. Typical segment transportation on

trucks
yard
Page 74

Then segments are lifted using a launching
gantry
4. Segments Lifting by Launching

Girder
Page 75
Page 76REX - Bearing defects on Delhi Airport Metro Express Line
Comparison for Alternatives :
Page 77
U-Shaped viaduct allows to reduce visual impact
Vertical Clearance
.while keeping same vertical
clearance.
Page 78
Significant reduction of visual impact
Page 79
Significant Reduction of visual impact
Rail level lowering allows:

Reduction in piers heights
Reduction in foundations &
Substructures quantity
Reduction in height of stations
Reduction
in
energy
consumption due to mild slopes
Page 80
Illustrating Benefits of Rail Level Reduction
Page 81
Visual Impact
Page 82
Advantages: Full Integration Of Various Components
Lateral web acts as:
Page 83
A noise barrier
An anti-derailment wall
A walkway on its top part
Reducing height of stations
A support for cable trough or
guide rail
Advantages: Ranges of Span
Double U:
Single U:
Up to 35 m for spans typical

Up to 30 m spans for typical
structure
structure
Up to 48 m using an extended pier Up to 93 m using extradosed
cables
cap
Page 84
Advantages: Ranges of Span Extended Pier Cap
Page 85
Comparison
Item
Double
U
Single U
Box Girder
I-Girder
Constructability Aspect
Page 86
Casting
Full Span
Pretension
Segment by
Segment,
Additional Pre
stressing
operation
Segment by
Segment,
Additional
Prestressing
operation
I-Girder Precast
& Cast In Situ
Deck Slab,
Additional
shuttering for
Deck Slab
Casting
Transportati
on
Big Trailer
Required,
Approx.
9.0m Road
width is
required
Small Trailer
Required
Small Trailer
Required
Big Trailer
Required,
Difficult in Busy
Area
Erection
Equipments
Cranes
Launching
Girder
Launching
Girder
Cranes
Erection
Suitability
Always Front
Available
Always
Erection in
sequence
Always Erection
in sequence
Always Front
Available
Erection
Time
Can Erect in
few hours
Minimum 3
Days
Minimum 3 Days
Girder can be
erect in few
Construction Time Cycle Per Span
Item
Time Cycle from

Casting to
Erection in Days
Page 87
Double Single U
U
viaduct
viaduct
14
30
Box Multiple
Girder I-Girder
viaduct viaduct
35
40
Comparison
Item
Double U
Single U
Box Girder
I-Girder
Permanent Structure Aspect

Span
Length
Max. 30m, in
special cases up
to 48m with
Extended Pier
Cap
Max. 35m
Max. 37m
Max 37m
Parapet &
Walk Way
In Built
In Built
Additional
Additional
Suitability
Straight Reach
& Curve 200m
Radius
Straight Reach &

Curve 200m
Radius
Straight Reach &

Sharp Curves
Straight Reach &

Sharp Curves
Aesthetics
Pleasant, Sleek
& slender
appearance
Pleasant, Sleek &

slender
appearance
Bulky in Shape &

Size
Bulky in Shape &

Size
Pier Cap
Precast PSC
Cast In Situ RCC
Cast In Situ RCC
Precast PSC or
Cast In Situ RCC
Cost
Economical
Economical
Costlier
Costlier
Page 88
6. Special Feature of Metro Viaduct v/s Road

Bridges
1. EXPERTISE AND KNOW-HOW - OVERVIEW
Specific technical skills for rail structures:

Seismic design
Dynamic response to high speed loads
Rail structure interaction
Passenger comfort
Use of different design codes and manuals including:

American: AASHTO, AREMA, ACI, MCEER
British: BS
Chinese: MOR
Japanese
European: EUROCODES (EN)
Indian: IRC, IS, IRS...
French: CCTG, IN
.
Page 90
MODERN RAILS (CWR) ARE CONTINUOUS : NO RAIL EXPANSION

JOINTS
BRIDGES HAVE EXPANSION JOINTS
INCOMPATIBILITY
Rail Structure Interaction

Additional rail stresses brought by R.S.I.
1. Temperature variation
2. Deck end rotations
3. Braking & acceleration forces
This controls:
Location of structural and rail expansion joints
Girder stiffness
Supports stiffness (piers, foundations, bearings)
1. Temperature
variation
2. Deck
end
rotations
3. Braking and acceleration

forces
Rail Structure Interaction calculation model
(1) Continuous rails

(2) Deck
(3) Abutments
(4) Rail expansion joint (if any)
(5) Track longitudinal stiffness

(6) Pier longitudinal stiffness
CHECKS TO PERFORM
RAIL STRESSES:
< 92 MPa tension
< 92 MPa compression (slab track)
< 72 MPa compression (ballast)
LONGITUDINAL DISPLACEMENT UNDER BRAKING-ACCELERATION
LOADS:
- differential displacement between adjacent decks
< 5 mm if no rail expansion joints
< 30 mm if rail expansion joints at both ends
- differential displacement between rail and deck
< 4 mm
MAXIMUM LENGTHS
MAXIMUM BRIDGE EXPANDABLE LENGTH WITHOUT RAIL

EXPANSION JOINT (standard values for ballasted tracks):
- 90 m for concrete or composite bridges
- 60 m for steel bridges
MAXIMUM BRIDGE EXPANDABLE LENGTH WITH RAIL
EXPANSION JOINTS:
400 to 600 m depending on rail expansion joint technology
CONSEQUENCES FOR THE

DESIGN
PROVIDE ENOUGH LONGITUDINAL STIFFNESS TO SUPPORTS
(FOUNDATION + PIER + BEARING) IN ORDER TO MEET
DISPLACEMENT CRITERIA: d < 5 mm
PERFORM RSI CALCULATION IN ORDER TO OPTIMIZE SUPPORTS
STIFFNESS
LONGITUDINAL DISPLACEMENT UNDER

BRAKING/ACCELERATION
CLASSICAL CHECK (WITHOUT RSI CALCULATION)
Displacement under 100 % braking/acceleration

< 5mm
100
%
CHECK WITH RSI CALCULATION
Displacement under 70 15 = 65 % braking/acceleration < 5mm

(example)
15 %
15 %
70 %
FASTENERS BEHAVIOUR
CHECK UPLIFT OF FASTENERS AND COMPRESSION OF

FASTENERS
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Metro Viaduct

DUBAI METRO (United Arab Emirates)

1. Clear Dimensions to accommodate Track Gauge /

In Straight Part : R >1000 m

2. Minimum clear distance between Door and Evacuation

In Emergency situation Fire, System Breakdown,

1. Longitudinal Vertical Profile

For Operational Efficiency summit at station and valley

1. Traction / Power supply to Coaches

2. Electrical Cable support along Viaduct

Power cables from Electrical Substation to Metro stations /

3. Earthing / Cathode protection

Earthing Bars all along Viaduct , through structures

Signalling and Telecommunication

1. S & T Cables support along Vaiduct

S & T Cables through Viaduct to Metro stations / Depot

1. For passengers falling or trapped between Rolling stock

600 mm clear space between wheel and any object

POPULAR CROSS SECTION TYPES in

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

POPULAR CROSS SECTION TYPES in

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Double U Shaped Viaduct

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Double U Shaped Viaduct

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Double U Shaped Viaduct

Delhi Airport Link Twin U Shaped Viaduct

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Double U Shaped Viaduct

Faridabad Line -6 Twin U Shaped Viaduct

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Alternatives & Concept Design - Superstructure

Full span Pretensioned

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Single U - Shaped Viaduct

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Single U - Shaped Viaduct

Santiago Line 4 Single U- Shaped

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Single U - Shaped Viaduct

Delhi Metro Line 3 Single UShaped Viaduct

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Pre cast RCC Segments

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Box Shaped Viaduct

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Box Shaped Viaduct

Delhi Metro Line 8 Box - Shaped

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Alternatives & Concept Design - Superstructure

Pre cast RCC Segments

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Multiple I Girders Shaped Viaduct

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Multiple I Girders Shaped Viaduct

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Multiple I Girders Shaped Viaduct

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Full span Pre cast PSC I Girders

ALTERNATIVES & CONCEPT DESIGN - ELEVATED VIADUCT

Steel I Girder / Box Composite :

Pre Fabricated Steel I Girder /