CMR Plus

Boon
Miezi
Alex

CMR Plus (2000)

The same measurements and benefits of the
successful CMR-200 (1995) plus
Hardware
Longer magnet section (Faster logging speed)
Slightly deeper DOI, better tolerance to rugosity,
1 -> 1.5
Software
New pulse sequence (EPM)
Auto-Tuning and MR Fluid

CMR-Plus

CMR Plus Antenna

The Antenna acts as a Transmitter
(CPMG) and Receiver (Pulse Echoes)

Powered by regulated 250 V DC

during the CPMG sequence.
Able to change the operating
frequency to follow the Larmor
Frequency prior to the start of
acquisition
Sensitive to 0.5 1.25 inch into the
borehole over the 6 inch antenna
length
Antenna tuning to LFST

CMR Plus Echo Spacing (TE)

NMR is sensitive to molecular

diffusion, f(TE).
Oil, water and gas diffuse at
different rates, (D).

CMR Plus Echo Spacing and fluid

Echo Spacing

0.2 ms

Water (large pores)

T2 = 200 ms
D = 8 x 10-9 m2s-1
Oil (100 cp)
T2 = 15 ms
D = 2 x 10-11 m2s-1
Oil (10 cp)
T2 = 150 ms
D = 2 x 10-10 m2s-1
Oil (1 cp)
T2 = 1500 ms
D = 2 x 10-9 m2s-1
100 ms

2 ms

4 ms

CMR Plus EPM Mode

EPM
Special Multi Wait-Time (MWT) pulse sequence
One long wait-time subsequence
(to measure the long T2 components)
Ten short wait-time subsequences
(to measure the fast T2 components)

CMR Plus CPMG & PAPS

P o la r iz a tio n F a c to r o r S ig n a l
S tr e n g th

Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence

1.2
Polarization Time

Acquisition

1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0

1.0

2.0

Time (s)

3.0

4.0

CMR Plus PAP

1.5

+ CPMG

Signal Strength

Signal Strength

1.5

0.0

- CPMG
-1.5
0.00

0.05

0.10

Time (s)

0.15

PAP
0.0

-1.5
0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

Time (s)

Two CPMGs of opposite phase

A PAP cancels electronic offsets and
180-degree ringing

CMR Plus Overlapping vs non-overlapping

CMR-Plus

CMR-200 or CMR-Plus

+
+
12 in.

6 in.

Overlapping CPMGs

PAP
PAP

18 in.

30 in.

PAP

6 in.

PAP

Non-Overlapping CPMGs

PAP
PAP

Default CMR-Plus Acquisition

Sequences and Logging Speeds
T1

Polarization No. of
Time (s) Echoes

Short &
Medium

3.5

1200 or
1800

Long

6.0

3000

Echo
Spacing

Logging
Speed (ft/hr)
200

200

1100

1800

CMR Plus Borehole Effect

Temperature
Washouts
Metallic debris with magnets
Improved immunity to
rugosity in slimmer holes
High Salinity at high
temperature

CMR Plus Measurement Cycles

Zero Magnetization

Alignment of Spins by Strong Static Field (B 0)

Alignment Occurs with Time Constant T 1 during Wait Time WT

RF Pulse Tips Spins by 90 into Transverse Plane

Spins Randomize in Transverse Plane (T 2)

CPMG Measurement

During CPMG, Realignment of Spins with B 0 is Suppressed

Conclusion of CPMG

Zero Magnetization
The CMR-Plus has improved bound-fluid precision because of a new
implementation of the CMR multi-wait time pulse sequence, the
Enhanced Precision Mode (EPM).

CMR Plus Output and computations

CMR Plus Applications

Lithology \ Mineralogy free porosity
Permeability
Bound fluid and free fluid volume
Wettability
Hydrocarbon Typing:
standalone: MRF (multi WT, multi TE)
with other logs: DMR, DMR-Resistivity
ROS: Mn doping to discriminate water signal, MRF
Thin Beds: High Resolution porosities, permeability up to 6 in
Capillary Pressure: Sw or FWL estimation
Grain Size: Gravel Pack ...
Pore Size: NMR Facies ...
Viscosity: Varying oil types
Surface Flow Rate Prediction:
MDT calibration
Relative Perms estimation