OPPORTUNITY AND THREAT

OF MARITIME INDUSTRIES
IN THE FUTURE
BY
MURDJITO

OPPORTUNITY

VARIOUS TYPE AND FUNCTION

Design Target:
safety
serviceability
during
operation
producability
Flexibility

Competeitive?

using competence-intensive technology

Knowledge based maritime activities

success of marine technology in the future requires
exploration and implementation of relevant enabling
technologies such as information & communication
technology, automatic control, materials &
fabrication as well as logistics.

Life cycle phases of marine structures

Recent issue:
life cycle
assessment (LCA)
of environmental
issues
life cycle cost
analyses (LCC)

Life cycle considerations in

design Marine Structure

fabrication method
serviceability during operation
safety during operation
High degree flexibility due to
uncertainty

Design for functionality or

serviceability
Transport
Economics

Efficient
production &
minimum risk

Design for safety

To achieve safety,
it is crucial to
avoid errors in
design,
fabrication and
operation

Risk
Assessment

Design for producability

Design with flexibiliy

Engineering discipline increasingly complex
Need socio-technical considerations

Uncertainty affects lifecycle performance

Markets volatile, regulations change, technology evolve

Standard approach focused on design to requirements

and forecasts, but things change!
Flexibility can improve performance by 10%-30% compared to
standard design and project evaluation approaches
Protects from downsides (e.g. insurance)
Position for upsides (e.g. stock option)
Net effect: better expected performance!

Design rigidity may lead to system failure

Iridium satellite/cell phone system
Convair B-58 Hustle

Why flexibility matters

Taxonomy of Design Procedure by

Flexibility approach

What do maritime industries need?

Act in a very competitive market and

subsequently reducing costs.
Deliver within short times.
Adopt a high level of quality instance.
Use ultimate production techniques (JIT,
automation, robotics).
Design environment-friendly products (low
emission of fuel cell engines, reduced
sinking risks).
Deal with scientific and technological
innovation.
Introduce ultimate technology on board
(propulsion, navigation, passengers
comfort).

INTEGRATION

COMPUTER
TOOLS

SPEED,
EFFICIENCY
RELIABILITY

Marine Structure Design

Criteria

RATIONAL DESIGN
APPROACH

rational design approach

Goal-setting; not prescriptive
Probabilistic; not deterministic
First principles; not purely
experimental
Integrated total; not separately
Balance of safety elements; not
hardware
use of competence
intensive technology
based

ICT and materials

technology

in-service experiences, experiments

and theoretical approaches

Vessel development and role of logistic

(sea transportation)

Size increase to improve

transport efficiency

PORT
ROLE??

ROLE OF PORTS
an important part of the transport system
serving as the meeting point of land and sea
transport
To deal with the enormous quantities of
cargo moved through ports in an efficient
manner, highly specialized bulk handling
equipment and container technology are
necessary.
Ports themselves have become locational
factors for industries, and most of the great
cities are ports

LNG transport concepts

Gas Transport

Increasing Ship Size

Container ships have followed the
growth of conatinerized shipping
In 1988, lines introduced the first
ship > panama canal (PostPanamax > 4000 TEU)
To day lines are opearting vessel
capable of carrying 17,500 TEU
vessel

Ship Size Trends in 2011

Growth of Large Hub Ports

Traffic is dominated by large
efficient conatiner terminal able
to meet tight schedules low of
turnaround times
90 terminals have througput of
more than 40,000 TEU/year in
2000
Only 12 of these ports are not
located with 500 km of the
circumnavigation route

World Largest Container terminal and main

shipping route

Consolidation of Port Operators

Drivern by:
Demand for higher efficeiency to serve expensive ships
requiring larger investment in crane, deep water and IT
Bergaining power of largest lines
Door-to-door logistics vertical integration (shipping
olines want control port)

Five major terminal operators have

emerged:

Hustchinson (Hongkong)
P&O (Australia)
PSA (Singapore)
CSX World Terminal
SSA (US)

World Largest Port Operators

TREND IN OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT

Offshore Accident

change of physical effects with

increasing water depth

various alternative production platforms

CONSIDERATIONS

Costs
Flexibility with
respect to future
extended use
Risk

floating production systems in use

up to now and forecasts for the
future

Technology Trend

conversion of existing structures is a good alternative to new building.

various kinds of underwater structures and equipment are required.
increasing water depths, it is considered to be an advantage to place
production equipment on the seafloor.
various kinds of competence, from marine technology, mechanical
engineering and cybernetic

Research areas for offshore structures

Marine operations offshore

Food from the sea

Marine infrastructure & Energy

maritime cluster

Cooperation along multiple axes based on strategic alliances :

design, fabrication and operation
marine and enabling technologies
different organizations
different geographical regions

Integrated Project Management

Project execution model, phases and levels.

Project execution philosophy.

References
Knut Sandvik et all, Offshore Structures A new challenge, How
can the experience from the marine concrete industry be
utilized, XIV National Conference on Structural Engineering,
Acapulco 2004.
Torgeir Moan, MARINE STRUCTURES FOR THE FUTURE,
National University of Singapore , July 2003
Martin Stopford, Trends & Possibilities: For the Development of
the Shipping Industry, Managing Director Clarkson Research Ltd,
2011
Peter Kieran, World Trends in Shipping and Port Reforms, 2003
Michel-Alexandre Cardin, An Organizing Taxonomy of Procedures
to Design and Manage Complex Systems for Uncertainty and
Flexibility, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2012