Feed Formulation

Strategies And Methods

M.F.Sc. 4th sem.
Dept. of Zoology And Applied
Aquaculture

Submitted by Amit
kumar Jana

Synopsis: Introduction
Feed formulation strategies
1. Diet selection
2. Waste estimation
3. Ration allowance
4. Feeding strategies
. Methods
. (a) Pearsons Square Method.
. (b)Trial and Error Method.

Introduction
Fish food consist of natural food and artificial feed.
Single feed ingredients may be fed to fish to
supplement available natural food in a pond.
However ,combining ingredients may make better
quality supplemental feed. Fish would grow well on
a feed containing 20 to 30% crude protein ,of which
7 to 10% of the protein is from animal source. When
natural food is abundant and fish are stocked at low
densities,a 20 to 25% protein content is suitable. A
30% or more crude protein content is more suitable
for fish are stoked at high densities.

Feed formulation strategies

1.
2.
3.
4.

Feed ingredients selection

Waste estimation
Ration allowance
Feeding strategies

Pearsons Square
Method.

The simplest method to calculate the

ration, It can be used for 2 and more
ingredients.
It can be balanced only one nutrient
(make your choice for crude protein or
crude fat).
Always keep in mind the nutrient value
of the ingredients.
if we have more than 2 ingredients.

Pearson Square
We have a solution
Reach 40% crude protein using fish
meal, corn gluten meal, wheat meal
and soybean meal.
The crude protein % of
ingredients:
Fish meal: 65%
Corn gluten meal: 38%
Soybean meal: 42%
Wheat meal: 17%

Pearson Square
The solution is to make two groups
into the ingredients.
First group will be consisted of fish
meal and
soybean meal.
Second group will be consisted of corn
gluten meal and wheat meal.

calculation
First group average: (65 + 42) / 2 =
53,5
Second group average: (38 + 17) / 2 =
27,5
Group one 53,5
12,5
40
Group two 27,5
+ 13,5
-------26

calculation
% of group one: (100 x 12,5) / 26 =
48,07
% of group two: (100 x 13,5) / 26 =
51,92
1st groups ingredients %: 48,07 / 2
= 24,035
2nd groups ingredients %: 51,92 / 2
= 25,96

Calculation 40% crude

Protein

% of Fish meal: 65 x 24,35% = 15,83

% of Soybean meal: 42 x 24,35% =
10,23
% of Corn gluten meal: 38 x 25,96%
= 9,86
% of Wheat meal: 17 x 25,96% =
4,41
Total = 40,33

Trial and Error Method

To choose a combination of ingredients
that will provide a feed containing
between 25 to 30% crude protein.
Ingredient
Rice Bran
Brewer
Waste
Soyabean
Meal
Fish Meal

Amount of
ingredient
(Kg)
40
20

%of
Protein
9.9
22.8

28

46.2

12

57.7

Calculation
To calculate the required % CP in
feed.
Rice bran40*9.9/100=3.96(4.0)
Brewer waste
-20*22.8/100=4.56
Soyabean meal28*46.2/100=12.93
Fish meal
-12*57.7/100=6.92

Calculation
This feed would contain 28.4kg of
crude protein if 100kg of the listed
ingredients
were
combined
as
indicated.This would make a feed
containing approximately 28% crude
protein
by
weight
scince.28.4kg*100kg/100=28.4%
Protein containt.

Conclusion
Natural
food
organisms
(Phytoplankton
,
zooplankton,insects,crustaceans,cop
epods and molluscs) in water will
provide essential nutrients but in the
conditions (in sufficient of natural
foods, high stocking
density,
promote faster growth) use artificial
food.In the use of supplementary
feedHammer
based on strategies.

Thank You