ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
and ISO 14001
Protecting the environment is everyones job.

New Trends in IE

Environmental Management
Systems (EMS)
The part of the overall management system that includes

organizational structure, planning activities,

responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes, and
resources for developing, implementing, achieving,
reviewing, and maintaining the environmental policy.

Environmental Management
Systems (EMS)
Systematic way of managing an organizations

environmental affairs
Based on Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Model
Focused on continual improvement of system
Addresses immediate and long-term impact of an
organizations products, services and processes on the
environment
A tool to improve environmental performance

EMS Model
Policy

Management
Review

Planning

Implementation
Checking
Corrective Action

ISO 14000 Family

The ISO 14000 family addresses "Environmental
management".
This means what the organization does to:
minimize harmful effects on the environment caused by
its activities, and to
achieve continual improvement of its environmental
performance.

ISO 14000 Series Standards

The series is divided into two separate areas:
Organization evaluation standards

Environmental Management Systems (EMS), Environmental

Auditing (EA), and Environmental Performance Evaluation
(EPE)

Product evaluation standards

Environmental Aspects in Product Standards (EAPS),
Environmental Labeling (EL), and Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA)

Organization Evaluation
Standards
ISO 14001: Environmental Management Systems ---

Specifications with Guidance for Use - gives the

elements that organizations are required to conform to if
they seek registration; the heart of the standards.
ISO 14004: Environmental Management Systems --Guidelines on Principles, Systems, and Supporting
Techniques - provides supplementary material; for
information only and is not to be used for registration.
ISO 14010: Guidelines for Environmental Auditing --General Principles on Environmental Auditing - provides
information for internal or external auditing.

Organization Evaluation
Standards
ISO 14011: Guidelines for Environmental Auditing ---

Audit Procedures --- Auditing of EMS - provides

information on how to plan and conduct an audit.
ISO 14012: Qualification Criteria for Environmental
Auditors Performing EMS Audits covers information on
author qualifications, training, and personal attributes and
skills.
ISO 14031: Guidelines on Environmental Performance
Evaluation presents information on recording
information to track performance.

Organization Evaluation
Standards
Organizational Evaluation Standards

Environmental
Management Systems
14001 Specifications
14004 General Guidelines

Environmental Auditing
14010 General Principles
14011 Audit Procedures
14012 Auditor Criteria

Environmental
Performance Evaluation
14031 Guidelines

Product Evaluation Standards

Guide 64: Environmental Aspects in Product Standards

designed to help writers develop product standards.

ISO 14020: Environmental Labeling --- Basic Principles
for All Environmental Labeling provides guidance on
the goals and principles that should be used in labeling all
programs.
ISO 14021: Environmental Labeling --- Self Declaration
of Environmental Claims: Terms and Definitions applies
to organizations that are declaring that their product has
an environmental attribute such as being recyclable or
energy efficient.

Product Evaluation Standards

ISO 14022: Environmental Labeling --- Symbols

provides a standard set of symbols for use by

organizations.
ISO 14023: Environmental Labeling --- Testing and
Verification Methodologies provides information on the
appropriate methods to use to confirm genuineness of the
product as stated by the environmental label.
ISO 14024: Environmental Labeling --- Practitioner
Programs: Guiding Principles, Practices, and Certification
Procedures for Multiple Criteria Program establishes
criteria for third-party labeling or seal programs.

Product Evaluation Standards

ISO 14040: Life-Cycle Assessment --- Principles and

Framework provides an overview of the practice, applications,

and limitations of LCA.
ISO 14041: Life-Cycle Assessment --- Goals and
Definition/Scope and Inventory Analysis provides guidelines for
the preparation, conduct, and critical review of life-cycle inventory
analysis.
ISO 14042: Life-Cycle Assessment --- Impact Assessment
intended to use the results of inventory analysis to evaluate the
significance of potential environmental impacts.
ISO 14043: Life-Cycle Assessment --- Improvement
Assessment intended to provide information to improve the
total environmental performance of a product system.

Product Evaluation Standards

Product Evaluation Standards

Environmental
Aspects in Product Standards
Guide 64 EAPS Guide

Environmental Labeling
14020 Basic Principles
14021 Self Declaration
14022 Symbols
14023 Testing and Verification
14024 Third Party

Life Cycle Assessment

14040 Principles & Framework
14041 Goals & Definition
14042 Impact Assessment
14043 Improvement Assessment

ISO 14001
Provides organizations with the elements for an

environmental management system (EMS), which can be

integrated into other management systems to help
achieve environmental and economic goals.
Requirements are based on the process and not on the
product.
Overall aim is to support environmental protection and
prevention of pollution in balance with socioeconomic
needs.

The ISO Survey

Definition of Terms
Environment the global surroundings in which an

organization operates and includes air, water, land,

natural resources, flora (flowers), fauna (animals),
humans, and their interaction.
Environmental aspect an element of an organizations
activities, products, or services that can interact with the
environment (ex. wastewater discharge, air emissions,
and energy usage).
Environmental impact any change, whether adverse or
beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organizations activities, products, or services (ex. impact
on habitat, water supply, and soil erosion).

Definition of Terms
Environmental objective an overall environmental goal,

arising from policy statement, that an organization sets for

itself and which is quantified when practical; defines how
the policy will be achieved.
Environmental target a detailed performance
requirement and should be quantified when practical;
needs to be met in order to achieve the objective (ex.
wastewater temperature should be controlled between
10oC to 14oC).

ISO 14001 Requirements

There are 4 sections to the standards:

Scope
Normative References
Definitions, and
EMS Requirements
EMS requirements are given in Section 4 of the standard.
The standard is divided into 6 parts or clauses and has a
total of 18 requirements.

ISO 14001 Requirements

4.1 General Requirement
4.2 Environmental Policy
4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Environmental Aspects
4.3.2 Legal and Other Requirements
4.3.3 Objective and Targets
4.3.4 Environmental Management Program(s)
4.4 Implementation and Operation
4.4.1 Structure and Responsibility
4.4.2 Training, Awareness, and Competency
4.4.3 Communication
4.4.4 EMS Documentation
4.4.5 Document Control
4.4.6 Operational Control
4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and Response

ISO 14001 Requirements

4.5 Checking and Corrective Action
4.5.1 Monitoring and Measuring
4.5.2 Nonconformance and Corrective and Preventive Action
4.5.3 Records
4.5.4 EMS Audit
4.6 Management Review

Environmental Policy
The organizations policy statement should be based on

its mission and values.

It should show management:
commitment
leadership, and
direction for the environmental activities.
Management will ensure that the policy is implemented
and carried out.
An initial environmental review is suggested.

Environmental Policy
The policy must:
Be relevant to the organizations nature, scale, and
environmental impact of its activities, products, and
services.
Ensure that management is committed to continual
improvement and prevention of pollution.
Include a commitment to comply with relevant legislation
and regulations, and with any other requirements
applicable to the organization, industry, and locale.
Provide a framework for setting and reviewing
environmental objectives and targets.

Environmental Policy
The policy must:
Be documented, implemented, and maintained; it also
must be communicated to all employees.
Be available to the public. (May be distributed to libraries,
chambers of commerce, environmental organizations, or
other public access organizations.

Objectives and Targets

Objectives may apply to one person, group, function, or

the entire organization.

This should be developed by those who are involved in
their attainment.
Example:
Objective: Reduce tree cutting
Targets : Increase chipper yield to 90% by 1999.
Increase recycled material to 25% by 2001.

Objectives and Targets

In addition to the environmental aspects, this clause also
requires:
the best technological option to mitigate an aspect
economic viability of the option
cost-effectiveness of the option
appropriateness of the option to the situation
affordability of the option
views of interests parties such as: employees, regulatory
agencies, etc.

Objectives and Targets

ISO 14004 lists different forms of objectives, such as:
Reduce waste and depletion of resources.
Reduce or eliminate the release of pollutants in the
environment.
Design products to minimize their environmental impact on
production, use, and disposal.
Control the environmental impact of sources of raw material.
Minimize any significant adverse environmental impact of new
development.
Promote environmental awareness among employees and the
community.

Document Control
Level 1, EMS Manual
1
Policy
2
Procedures
3
Practice

4
Proof

environmental policy
Level 2, Procedures
includes the 17 procedures
required
Level 3, Practice work
instructions which
operating personnel
perform
Level 4, Proof forms,
records, drawings, etc.

Benefits of EMS
There are three global benefits of EMS:
1. Facilitate trade and remove barriers
2. Improve environmental performance of planet earth
3. Build consensus that there is a need for environmental
management and a common terminology for EMS

Benefits of EMS
An organization benefits from EMS as:
Assuring customers of a commitment to environmental
management
Meeting customer requirements
Maintaining a good public/community relations image
Satisfying investor criteria and improving access to capital
Obtaining assurance at reasonable cost
Increasing market share and competitive advantage
Reducing incidents that result in liability
Conserving materials and energy
Improving industry/government relations

Other Benefits of EMS

Cost effective.

Between 1975, when their Pollution Prevention Pays

program began, and 2000, 3M saved over $810 million
in reduced air emissions, water discharge, and solid
waste.
Enhanced internal communications.
Effective decision-making.
Improved teamwork.
Focus on prevention.

Relationship to Health and

Safety
Measurement of pollutants in employees work

environments to determine if it meets OSHAs permissible

exposure level.
Monitor the occurrence of illnesses as recorded at the
medical clinic.
Correlate illnesses to measures airborne concentrations.
Build efficient and cost-saving measures.