Real Analysis I

Course Code

MTH 321

By
Dr. Moiz ud Din khan
Professor of Mathematics

Lecture # 11

Lecture Outline
In this Lecture we will Define and study:

Lecture Outline
In this Lecture we will Define and study:
1. Ordered Fields

Lecture Outline
In this Lecture we will Define and study:
1. Ordered Fields
2. The Field of Reals

Lecture Outline
In this Lecture we will Define and study:
1. Ordered Fields
2. The Field of Reals and
3. Extended Real umber System

 Field:

 Field:
A field is a set F with two operations, called
addition and multiplication, which satisfy
the following field axioms (A), (M), and
(D):

 Field:
A field is a set F with two operations, called
addition and multiplication, which satisfy
the following field axioms (A), (M), and
(D):
(A) Axioms for Addition:

 Field:
A field is a set F with two operations, called
addition and multiplication, which satisfy
the following field axioms (A), (M), and
(D):
(A) Axioms for Addition:
1. F is closed under addition

 Field:
A field is a set F with two operations, called
addition and multiplication, which satisfy
the following field axioms (A), (M), and
(D):
(A) Axioms for Addition:
1. F is closed under addition
2. Addition is commutative in F

 Field:
A field is a set F with two operations, called
addition and multiplication, which satisfy
the following field axioms (A), (M), and
(D):
(A) Axioms for Addition:
1. F is closed under addition
2. Addition is commutative in F
3. Addition is associative in F

 Field:
A field is a set F with two operations, called
addition and multiplication, which satisfy
the following field axioms (A), (M), and
(D):
(A) Axioms for Addition:
1. F is closed under addition
2. Addition is commutative in F
3. Addition is associative in F
4. 0 is in F and is additive identity of F

 Field:

A field is a set F with two operations, called

addition and multiplication, which satisfy
the following field axioms (A), (M), and
(D):
(A) Axioms for Addition:
1. F is closed under addition
2. Addition is commutative in F
3. Addition is associative in F
4. 0 is in F and is additive identity of F
5. For each , there exists s.t

 Field:

A field is a set F with two operations, called

addition and multiplication, which satisfy
the following field axioms (A), (M), and
(D):
(A) Axioms for Addition:
1. F is closed under addition
2. Addition is commutative in F
3. Addition is associative in F
4. 0 is in F and is additive identity of F
5. For each , there exists s.t
(M) Axioms for multiplication

(M) Axioms for multiplication

1. F is closed under multiplication

(M) Axioms for multiplication

1. F is closed under multiplication
2. multiplication is commutative in
F

(M) Axioms for multiplication

1. F is closed under multiplication
2. multiplication is commutative in
F
3. Multiplication is associative in F

(M) Axioms for multiplication

1. F is closed under multiplication
2. multiplication is commutative in
F
3. Multiplication is associative in F
4. 1 is in F and is multiplicative
identity of F

(M)
Axioms for multiplication
1. F is closed under multiplication
2. multiplication is commutative in
F
3. Multiplication is associative in F
4. 1 is in F and is multiplicative
identity of F
5. For each and , then there exists s.t 1

(M)
Axioms for multiplication
1. F is closed under multiplication
2. multiplication is commutative in
F
3. Multiplication is associative in F
4. 1 is in F and is multiplicative
identity of F
5. For each and , then there exists s.t 1
(D) Distributive Law

(M)
Axioms for multiplication
1. F is closed under multiplication
2. multiplication is commutative in
F
3. Multiplication is associative in F
4. 1 is in F and is multiplicative
identity of F
5. For each and , then there exists s.t 1
(D) Distributive Law
holds for all

 Note:
1. is a field.

 Ordered Field:
An ordered field is a field F which is
also an ordered set, such that:

 Ordered

Field:
An ordered field is a field F which is
also an ordered set, such that:
a) if and

 Ordered

Field:
An ordered field is a field F which is
also an ordered set, such that:
a) if and
b) if and

 Real

Field
Let , then is a field.

 Complex

Field
Let then is a field where addition and
multiplication is defined as:

 Extended Real Number System:

 Extended Real Number System:

The extended real number system consists of
the real field and two symbols, and , we define

 Extended Real Number System:

The extended real number system consists of
the real field and two symbols, and , we define
o

for every .

 Extended Real Number System:

The extended real number system consists of
the real field and two symbols, and , we define
o
o Note.

for every .

 Extended Real Number System:

The extended real number system consists of
the real field and two symbols, and , we define
o

for every .

o Note.
1.

is upper bound of every subset of the

extended real number system.

 Extended Real Number System:

The extended real number system consists of
the real field and two symbols, and , we define
o

for every .

o Note.
1.

is upper bound of every subset of the

extended real number system.

2. , then Sup(E)= in the extended real number

system.

 Extended Real Number System:

The extended real number system consists of
the real field and two symbols, and , we define
o

for every .

o Note.
1.

is upper bound of every subset of the

extended real number system.

2. , then Sup(E)= in the extended real number

system.
3. The extended real number system does not
form a field.

 Note:
In extended real number system, for

every real number :

 Note:
In extended real number system, for

every real number :

 Note:
In extended real number system, for

every real number :

 Note:
In extended real number system, for

every real number :

1. if

 Note:
In extended real number system, for

every real number :

1. if
2. if

 Note:
In extended real number system, for

every real number :

1. if
2. if

 Note:
In extended real number system, for

every real number :

1. if
2. if

 Note:
In extended real number system, for

every real number :

1. if
2. if

 Note:
In extended real number system, for

every real number :

1. if
2. if

 Note:
In extended real number system, for

every real number :

1. if
2. if

 Note:
In extended real number system, for

every real number :

1. if
2. if

3. is undefined

THANK YOU