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03/01/17
Outline
Application of Fluid Properties
Volumetric Relationships used by Reservoir
Engineers
Different Sources to Obtain Fluid Properties
PVT Analysis and Fluid Compositions
Aspects of Sampling
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Fluid
Properties
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Formation Volume
Factor of Gas Bg
Solution Gas-Oil
Ratio RS
Gas Compressibility
Factor Z
Coefficient of Isothermal
Compressibility C0
Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion 0
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Bg
VR
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Bubble Point
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Gas
Separator
Stock Tank
Separator Oil
GOR =
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Bubble Point
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Rs
g
API
T
:
:
:
:
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12
V b V ( V b) b( V b)
Z 3 1 B Z 2 A 2B 3B 2 Z AB B 2 B3
b
A
ln i i Z 1 ln Z B
b
B2 2
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x a
j ij
j1
f iL
fi
bi Z 1 2 B
ln
b
Z 1 2 B
10 -12
13
Y1 Y2 Y3Yn
Z1 Z2 Z3Zn
Gas
Equilibrium
Ratio
Ki
Pressure
X1 X2 X3Xn
Yi
Xi
Liquid
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Hydrocarbons
Non
Phase:
Paraffins
Hydrocarbons
Solid/liquid
Naphtenes
Oxygen
gas
Aromatics
Nitrogen
Asphaltenes
Sulfur
Wax
Resins
CO2
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HYDROCARBONS
Aliphatic
Aromatics
CO2 4%
H2S 6%
H2, He
Paraffins
Olefins
Naphtenics
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Cyclic
Aliphatics
MgCl2 5%
O2 Laboratory
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Phase Envelope
Pressure (psia)
8000
7000
6000
Liquid
5000
4000
3000
Vapour
Critical Point
Bubble point
line
D
2-phase Region
Dew point
line
2000
40
1000
0
20
40
60
80
20
E
10
100
Vapour
F
120
140
160
180
200
TemperatureC)
(
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Formula Dry Gas Wet Gas Retrogrde gas Volatile Oil Black Oil
N2
0.30
0.20
3.68
1.21
0.36
CO2
1.10
2.10
1.28
2.10
0.29
CH4
90.00
85.00
78.56
60.50
23.97
C2H6
4.90
4.70
5.62
7.75
6.42
C3H8
1.70
3.20
3.54
4.75
7.64
i-C4H10
0.60
1.20
0.36
2.27
1.79
n-C4H10
0.50
1.00
2.19
2.01
5.29
i-C5H12
0.30
0.90
0.19
1.96
2.98
n-C5H12
0.20
0.80
1.98
0.88
3.27
C6H14
0.20
0.30
0.68
1.90
4.85
C7H16
0.20
0.60
0.51
2.51
7.09
C8H18
0.44
2.45
7.67
C9H20
0.20
1.68
5.19
C10H22
0.12
1.45
4.47
C11H24
0.06
1.05
2.96
C12 plus
0.59
5.53
15.76
SPE
Continuing
Education
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
19 100.00
20
Surface Sampling
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Maximum
Acceptable
Uncertainty
Typically <10 %
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Conclusions
Fluid properties are required in various
disciplines of petroleum engineering
Petroleum fluids are complex mixtures and
therefore accurate properties must be
obtained
Laboratory analysis generally provide
reliable data
The compositional approach is preferred
and widely used
Samples may be collected using various
methods however obtaining a
representative sample is crucial.
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