Tasks week 4

By Yvette van Pol and Lissa Vroomen

Index

ENAR Shadow Report 2012-2013

Conducting a literature review
Concept map of used literature

Direct and indirect discrimination,

Discrimination: The practice of unfairly treating a person or

group differently from other people or groups of people.

Direct discrimination happens when a person, or a group of

people, is treated less favourably than another person or group
because of their background or certain personal characteristics.

Indirect discrimination occurs when there is an unreasonable

rule or policy that is the same for everyone but has an unfair
effect on people who share a particular attribute.
Humanity 2016

3 most widely perceived grounds of discrimination

Ethnic origin (56%)

Disability (46%)
Sexual orintation (46%)

ENAR Shadow Report 2012-2013

Groups that are most vulnerable to discrimination in

employment
Migrants from non-EU Member States including
undocumented migrants, refugees and asylum
seekers
Muslims (and especially Muslim women)
Roma and Travellers
People of African descent and Black Europeans
All women with a minority or migrant background
ENAR Shadow Report 2012-2013

Discrimination practices at a stage of recruitment

Name-based discrimination
Discrimination on the basis of ones address
The requirement of adding a photo to the letter of
application is also experienced as a form of
discrimination
Discrimination on the basis of wearing religious
symbols
The requirement of certain language skills
ENAR Shadow Report 2012-2013

Institutional policies which are imposing an extra

barrier to access employment

Budgetcuts on integration
Budgetcuts from the government in other
sectors and therefor in companies

Main forms of discrimination in the

workplace

Lack of career prospects

Lower salaries
Poor working conditions
Positions in low-paid
jobs
Harassment

Exploitation
Overrespresentation
Language and clothing
requirements
Abusive dismissal
Failure to comply with
religious and dietarty needs

Why assessments of public policies to combat discrimination

in employment often remain unimplemented?

Limited budget allocated to the implementation of the

policies
Temporary nature of the strategies
Lack of adequate monitoring mechanisms
Absence of equality data to measure progress
Lack of political will to effectivel combat discrimination
ENAR Shadow Report 2012-2013

Beste practices for trade unions in combating racism

and discrimination in employment

Initiatives to raise awareness regarding discrimination

and racism in employment
Training for union members on discrimination
Adoption of diversity policies in the frame of social
dialogue
Initiatives focusing on migrants
Coperation between trade unions and NGOs
ENAR Shadow Report 2012-2013

Conduct a literature review

Database

Search terms

Hits

relevant

Pubmed

migrant AND discrimination AND labor market

18

migrants OR immigrants AND stigmatization OR discrimination AND

job market

34

Migrants OR immigrants AND prejusticed AND labor market

Google Scholar

migrant AND discrimination AND labor market

23

Concept map